| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From the Stroke Program (D.L.B., L.D.L., M.F., M.A.S., L.B.), University of Michigan Medical School, Division of General Medicine (K.M.L.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Veterans Affairs Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research (K.M.L.), Institute for Social Research (K.M.L.), University of Michigan, and Department of Epidemiology (L.D.L., L.B.M.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, and Department of Neurology (B.B.-A., R.L.S.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Departments of Sociomedical Science (B.B.-A.) and Epidemiology (R.L.S.) , Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: devinb{at}med.umich.edu.
Abstract-- Background: There are barriers to acute stroke care in minority groups as well as a higher incidence of ischemic stroke when compared with non-Hispanic whites. Objective: To estimate the future economic burden of stroke in non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and African Americans in the United States from 2005 to 2050. Methods: We used U.S. Census estimates of the race-ethnic group populations age 45 years and older. We obtained stroke epidemiology and service utilization data from the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study and the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project and other published data. We estimated costs directly from Medicare reimbursement or from studies that used Medicare reimbursement. Direct and indirect costs considered included ambulance services, initial hospitalization, rehabilitation, nursing home costs, outpatient clinic visits, drugs, informal caregiving, and potential lost earnings. Results: The total cost of stroke from 2005 to 2050, in 2005 dollars, is projected to be $1.52 trillion for non-Hispanic whites, $313 billion for Hispanics, and $379 billion for African Americans. The per capita cost of stroke estimates are highest in African Americans ($25,782), followed by Hispanics ($17,201), and non-Hispanic whites ($15,597). Loss of earnings is expected to be the highest cost contributor in each race-ethnic group. Conclusions: The economic burden of stroke in African Americans and Hispanics will be enormous over the next several decades. Further efforts to improve stroke prevention and treatment in these high stroke risk groups are necessary.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. S. Mercer, J. K. Freburger, S.-H. Chang, and J. L. Purser Step Test Scores Are Related to Measures of Activity and Participation in the First 6 Months After Stroke Physical Therapy, October 1, 2009; 89(10): 1061 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Feng, P. J. Nietert, and R. J. Adams Influence of Age on Racial Disparities in Stroke Admission Rates, Hospital Charges, and Outcomes in South Carolina Stroke, September 1, 2009; 40(9): 3096 - 3101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M A Busch, C Coshall, P U Heuschmann, C McKevitt, and C D A Wolfe Sociodemographic differences in return to work after stroke: the South London Stroke Register (SLSR) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2009; 80(8): 888 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Perkins, J. Stephens, H. Xiang, and W. Lo The Cost of Pediatric Stroke Acute Care in the United States Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2820 - 2827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Daniel, C. D.A. Wolfe, M. A. Busch, and C. McKevitt What Are the Social Consequences of Stroke for Working-Aged Adults?: A Systematic Review Stroke, June 1, 2009; 40(6): e431 - e440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Arab, W. Liu, and D. Elashoff Green and Black Tea Consumption and Risk of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1786 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Luengo-Fernandez, A. M. Gray, and P. M. Rothwell Costs of Stroke Using Patient-Level Data: A Critical Review of the Literature Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): e18 - e23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, D. Lloyd-Jones, R. Adams, M. Carnethon, G. De Simone, T. B. Ferguson, K. Flegal, E. Ford, K. Furie, A. Go, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, January 27, 2009; 119(3): e21 - e181. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Goldstein Reducing Death and Disability From Stroke: The Role of Governmental Advocacy Stroke, October 1, 2008; 39(10): 2898 - 2901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Albers, P. Amarenco, J. D. Easton, R. L. Sacco, and P. Teal Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 630S - 669S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Glozier, M. L. Hackett, V. Parag, C. S. Anderson, and for the Auckland Regional Community Stroke (ARCOS) The Influence of Psychiatric Morbidity on Return to Paid Work After Stroke in Younger Adults: The Auckland Regional Community Stroke (ARCOS) Study, 2002 to 2003 Stroke, May 1, 2008; 39(5): 1526 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Group Members, W. Rosamond, K. Flegal, K. Furie, A. Go, K. Greenlund, N. Haase, S. M. Hailpern, M. Ho, V. Howard, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2008 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, January 29, 2008; 117(4): e25 - e146. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Lo, K. Zamel, K. Ponnappa, A. Allen, D. Chisolm, M. Tang, B. Kerlin, and K. O. Yeates The Cost of Pediatric Stroke Care and Rehabilitation Stroke, January 1, 2008; 39(1): 161 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Lyons and A. G. Rudd Health Policy and Outcomes 2006 Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 229 - 231. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Ovbiagele and S. R. Levine Addressing racial and ethnic disparities in stroke: The time is now Neurology, October 24, 2006; 67(8): 1328 - 1329. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
