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Secondarily generalized convulsive seizures induced by daily amygdaloid stimulation in rhesus monkeys

This study was aided by the Canadian Medical Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland.

Amygdaloid kindling in rhesus monkeys resulted in development of secondarily generalized convulsive seizures in an average of 196 days. Prior pharmacologic (bemegride) kindling accelerated this seizure, development in one animal. None of the animals reached the stage 5 primary generalized seizure of baboons (Papio papio), even after 400 daily amygdaloid stimulations. Seizure stage instability, with frequent regression to an earlier stage, and the difficulty of establishing a generalized seizure triggering threshold in most of the rhesus monkeys, contrasts with our experiences in Papio papio. Thus, differences in the speed of kindling and in the quality of kindled convulsion between rhesus monkeys and epileptic baboons probably reflect the presence or absence of an epileptogenic predispositon in these two species. The difficulty of developing convulsive seizure in rhesus monkeys suggests that this species is particularly suited for the study of partial complex seizure. These studies indicate that the abrupt onset of human epilepsy with a fully developed convulsive seizure must represent and overwhelming central pathophysiologic event resulting from an endogenous, exogenous or a combined insult interacting with a genetically predisposed seizure susceptibility.

Dr Wada's address IS Health Sciences Center Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1W5, Canada.

A preliminary report of this study was presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society, October 1976.

Accepted for publication January 23, 1978.

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