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Stroke Service and Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, the Beth Israel Hospital, and the Thorndike Laboratory and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston.
Data from 694 patients hospitalized with stroke were entered in a prospective, computer-based registry. Three hundred and sixty-four patients (53 percent) were diagnosed as having thrombosis, 215 (31 percent) as having cerebral embolism, 70 (10 percent) as having intracerebral hematoma, and 45 (6 percent) as having subarachnoid hemorrhage from aneurysm or arteriovenous malformations. The 364 patients diagnosed as having thrombosis were divided into 233 (34 percent of all 694 patients) whose thrombosis was thought to involve a large artery and 131 (19 percent) with lacunar infarction. Many of the findings in this study were comparable to those in previous registries based on postmortem data. New observations include the high incidence of lacunes and cerebral emboli, the absence of an identifiable cardiac origin in 37 percent of all emboli, a nonsudden onset in 21 percent of emboli, and the occurrence of vomiting at onset in 51 percent and the absence of headache at onset in 67 percent of hematomas.
Dr. Mohr's address is Department of Neurology, College of Medicine. University of South Alabama Medical Center, 2451 Fillingim St., Mobile, AL 36617.
Presented in part at American Academy of Neurology meetings in Miami, 1975, Toronto, 1976, and Atlanta, 1977.
This study was supported by grants HS 00188 from the National Center for Health Services Research, HRA, and IF 22 NS 01970-01 and NS 10828-01Al from the National Institutes of Health.
Accepted for publication March 23, 1978.
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Y. Nagai, K. Kitagawa, M. Sakaguchi, Y. Shimizu, H. Hashimoto, H. Yamagami, M. Narita, T. Ohtsuki, M. Hori, and M. Matsumoto Significance of Earlier Carotid Atherosclerosis for Stroke Subtypes Stroke, August 1, 2001; 32(8): 1780 - 1785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Shimo-Nakanishi, T. Urabe, N. Hattori, Y. Watanabe, T. Nagao, M. Yokochi, M. Hamamoto, and Y. Mizuno Polymorphism of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene and Risk of Atherothrombotic Cerebral Infarction in the Japanese Stroke, July 1, 2001; 32(7): 1481 - 1486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. I. Qureshi, S. Tuhrim, J. P. Broderick, H. H. Batjer, H. Hondo, and D. F. Hanley Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage N. Engl. J. Med., May 10, 2001; 344(19): 1450 - 1460. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Di Napoli, F. Papa, and V. Bocola C-Reactive Protein in Ischemic Stroke : An Independent Prognostic Factor Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 917 - 924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D K Jung, G Devuyst, P Maeder, and J Bogousslavsky Atrial fibrillation with small subcortical infarcts J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2001; 70(3): 344 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Hoffmann Higher Cortical Function Deficits After Stroke: An Analysis of 1,000 Patients from a Dedicated Cognitive Stroke Registry Neurorehabil Neural Repair, March 1, 2001; 15(2): 113 - 127. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. Hajat, R. Dundas, J. A. Stewart, E. Lawrence, A. G. Rudd, R. Howard, and C. D. A. Wolfe Cerebrovascular Risk Factors and Stroke Subtypes : Differences Between Ethnic Groups Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 37 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Di Napoli, F. Papa, and V. Bocola Prognostic Influence of Increased C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen Levels in Ischemic Stroke Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 133 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. A. Lapchak, D. F. Chapman, J. A. Zivin, and C. Y. Hsu Metalloproteinase Inhibition Reduces Thrombolytic (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)-Induced Hemorrhage After Thromboembolic Stroke Editorial Comment Stroke, December 1, 2000; 31(12): 3034 - 3040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Tanizaki, Y. Kiyohara, I. Kato, H. Iwamoto, K. Nakayama, N. Shinohara, H. Arima, K. Tanaka, S. Ibayashi, and M. Fujishima Incidence and Risk Factors for Subtypes of Cerebral Infarction in a General Population : The Hisayama Study Stroke, November 1, 2000; 31(11): 2616 - 2622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. J. Hankey, K. Jamrozik, R. J. Broadhurst, S. Forbes, P. W. Burvill, C. S. Anderson, and E. G. Stewart-Wynne Five-Year Survival After First-Ever Stroke and Related Prognostic Factors in the Perth Community Stroke Study Stroke, September 1, 2000; 31(9): 2080 - 2086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Chaves, B. Silver, G. Schlaug, J. Dashe, L. R. Caplan, and S. Warach Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MRI Patterns in Borderzone Infarcts Stroke, May 1, 2000; 31(5): 1090 - 1096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. R. de Freitas, G. Devuyst, G. van Melle, and J. Bogousslavsky Motor Strokes Sparing the Leg: Different Lesions and Causes Arch Neurol, April 1, 2000; 57(4): 513 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. R. Caplan Multiple Potential Risks for Stroke JAMA, March 15, 2000; 283(11): 1479 - 1480. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Ay, J. Oliveira-Filho, F. S. Buonanno, M. Ezzeddine, P. W. Schaefer, G. Rordorf, L. H. Schwamm, R. G. Gonzalez, and W. J. Koroshetz Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Identifies a Subset of Lacunar Infarction Associated With Embolic Source Stroke, December 1, 1999; 30(12): 2644 - 2650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. L. Ruiz-Sandoval, C. Cantu, and F. Barinagarrementeria Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young People : Analysis of Risk Factors, Location, Causes, and Prognosis Stroke, March 1, 1999; 30(3): 537 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. N. Vemmos, M. L. Bots, P. K. Tsibouris, V. P. Zis, D. E. Grobbee, G. S. Stranjalis, and S. Stamatelopoulos Stroke Incidence and Case Fatality in Southern Greece : The Arcadia Stroke Registry Stroke, February 1, 1999; 30(2): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Nakamura, Y. Saku, S. Ibayashi, and M. Fujishima Progressive motor deficits in lacunar infarction Neurology, January 1, 1999; 52(1): 29 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. J. Gorman, R. Dafer, and S. R. Levine Ataxic Hemiparesis : Critical Appraisal of a Lacunar Syndrome Stroke, December 1, 1998; 29(12): 2549 - 2555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Gonzalez-Duarte, C. Cantu, J. L. Ruiz-Sandoval, and F. Barinagarrementeria Recurrent Primary Cerebral Hemorrhage : Frequency, Mechanisms, and Prognosis Stroke, September 1, 1998; 29(9): 1802 - 1805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Adler, A. Koren, N. Fink, D. Tanne, R. Fusman, A. Assali, J. Yahav, A. Zelikovski, and A. Sagie Association Between Mitral Annulus Calcification and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Stroke, September 1, 1998; 29(9): 1833 - 1837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yamamoto, J. Bogousslavsky, and G. van Melle Different Predictors of Neurological Worsening in Different Causes of Stroke Arch Neurol, April 1, 1998; 55(4): 481 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. H. Chen, D. S. W. Ho, S. L. Ho, R. T. F. Cheung, and S. W. K. Cheng Prevalence of Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease in Chinese Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Stroke, March 1, 1998; 29(3): 631 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.-K. Yip, J.-S. Jeng, T.-K. Lee, Y.-C. Chang, Z.-S. Huang, S.-K. Ng, and R.-C. Chen Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke : A Hospital-Based Stroke Registry in Taiwan (SCAN-IV) Stroke, December 1, 1997; 28(12): 2507 - 2512. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Rordorf, S. C. Cramer, J. T. Efird, L. H. Schwamm, F. Buonanno, and W. J. Koroshetz Pharmacological Elevation of Blood Pressure in Acute Stroke : Clinical Effects and Safety Stroke, November 1, 1997; 28(11): 2133 - 2138. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. A. Lammie, F. Brannan, J. Slattery, and C. Warlow Nonhypertensive Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease : An Autopsy Study Stroke, November 1, 1997; 28(11): 2222 - 2229. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Arboix, L. Garcia-Eroles, J. B. Massons, M. Oliveres, and E. Comes Predictive Factors of Early Seizures After Acute Cerebrovascular Disease Stroke, August 1, 1997; 28(8): 1590 - 1594. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Toni, M. Fiorelli, S. Bastianello, A. Falcou, G. Sette, V. Ceschin, M. L. Sacchetti, and C. Argentino Acute Ischemic Strokes Improving During the First 48 Hours of Onset: Predictability, Outcome, and Possible Mechanisms: A Comparison With Early Deteriorating Strokes Stroke, January 1, 1997; 28(1): 10 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. D'Olhaberriague, I. Litvan, P. Mitsias, and H. H. Mansbach A Reappraisal of Reliability and Validity Studies in Stroke Stroke, December 1, 1996; 27(12): 2331 - 2336. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. M. Bornstein, B. D. Aronovich, V. G. Karepov, A. Y. Gur, T. A. Treves, M. Oved, and A. D. Korczyn The Tel Aviv Stroke Registry: 3600 Consecutive Patients Stroke, October 1, 1996; 27(10): 1770 - 1773. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. M. Feinberg, L. P. Erickson, D. Bruck, and J. Kittelson Hemostatic Markers in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Association With Stroke Type, Severity, and Outcome Stroke, August 1, 1996; 27(8): 1296 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. R. Caplan A 79-Year-Old Musician With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease JAMA, November 1, 1995; 274(17): 1383 - 1389. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. Graffagnino, M. H. Herbstreith, D. E. Schmechel, E. Levy, A. D. Roses, and M. J. Alberts Cystatin C Mutation in an Elderly Man With Sporadic Amyloid Angiopathy and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, November 1, 1995; 26(11): 2190 - 2193. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. I. Qureshi, K. Safdar, E. J. Weil, C. Barch, D. L. Bliwise, A. R. Colohan, B. Mackay, and M. R. Frankel Predictors of Early Deterioration and Mortality in Black Americans With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, October 1, 1995; 26(10): 1764 - 1767. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. C. Tong and G. W. Albers Transcranial Doppler–Detected Microemboli in Patients With Acute Stroke Stroke, September 1, 1995; 26(9): 1588 - 1592. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Toni, M. Fiorelli, M. Gentile, S. Bastianello, M. L. Sacchetti, C. Argentino, C. Pozzilli, and C. Fieschi Progressing Neurological Deficit Secondary to Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Study on Predictability, Pathogenesis, and Prognosis Arch Neurol, July 1, 1995; 52(7): 670 - 675. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G. Besson, C. Robert, M. Hommel, and J. Perret Is It Clinically Possible to Distinguish Nonhemorrhagic Infarct From Hemorrhagic Stroke? Stroke, July 1, 1995; 26(7): 1205 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Levy, C. Duyckaerts, and J.-J. Hauw Massive Infarcts Involving the Territory of the Anterior Choroidal Artery and Cardioembolism Stroke, April 1, 1995; 26(4): 609 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Y. Kiyohara, I. Kato, H. Iwamoto, K. Nakayama, and M. Fujishima The Impact of Alcohol and Hypertension on Stroke Incidence in a General Japanese Population : The Hisayama Study Stroke, March 1, 1995; 26(3): 368 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Bratina, L. Greenberg, W. Pasteur, and J. C. Grotta Current Emergency Department Management of Stroke in Houston, Texas Stroke, March 1, 1995; 26(3): 409 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. K. Dandapani, S. Suzuki, R. E. Kelley, Y. Reyes-Iglesias, and R. C. Duncan Relation Between Blood Pressure and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, January 1, 1995; 26(1): 21 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Graffagnino, M. H. Herbstreith, A. D. Roses, and M. J. Alberts A Molecular Genetic Study of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Arch Neurol, October 1, 1994; 51(10): 981 - 984. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 G. S. Lavenson Jr. and D. Sharma Cost Savings of Carotid Endarterectomy: Value of One Vascular Surgeon in One Year Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, January 1, 1994; 7(1): 1 - 15. [PDF]
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M. D. Colburn and W. S. Moore Risk-Benefit Aspects of Surgery for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, January 1, 1994; 7(2): 6 - 30. [PDF]
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 A. Yelnik, C. Derouesne, H. Cambon, C. Duyckaerts, and J-J. Hauw Age and Cerebral Infarction: A Postmortem Study of 77 Cases of Cerebral Infarcts in the Middle Cerebral Artery Territory J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, October 1, 1993; 6(4): 200 - 204. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. F. Tapia and J. M. Schumacher Case 27-1993- A 32-Year-Old Man with the Sudden Onset of a Right-Sided Headache and Left Hemiplagia and Hemianesthesia N. Engl. J. Med., July 8, 1993; 329(2): 117 - 124. [Full Text]
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A. Wallin and K. Blennow Heterogeneity of Vascular Dementia: Mechanisms and Subgroups J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, July 1, 1993; 6(3): 177 - 188. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. G. Cole, B. R. Buchbinder, and E. P. Richardson Case 10-1993- A 67-Year-Old Man with Mitral Regurgitation and an Abrupt Onset of Ataxia and Fever N. Engl. J. Med., March 11, 1993; 328(10): 717 - 725. [Full Text]
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 J. F. Rothrock, P. D. Lyden, M. L. Brody, B. Taft-Alvarez, N. Kelly, J. Mayer, and W. C. Wiederholt An Analysis of Ischemic Stroke in an Urban Southern California Population: The University of California, San Diego, Stroke Data Bank Arch Intern Med, March 8, 1993; 153(5): 619 - 624. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. Steinke, R. L. Sacco, J. P. Mohr, M. A. Foulkes, T. K. Tatemichi, P. A. Wolf, T. R. Price, and D. B. Hier Thalamic Stroke: Presentation and Prognosis of Infarcts and Hemorrhages Arch Neurol, July 1, 1992; 49(7): 703 - 710. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. A. Zivin and V. Mazzarella Tissue Plasminogen Activator Plus Glutamate Antagonist Improves Outcome After Embolic Stroke Arch Neurol, December 1, 1991; 48(12): 1235 - 1238. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 J. F. Rothrock and R. G. Hart Antithrombotic Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease Ann Intern Med, December 1, 1991; 115(11): 885 - 895. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. A. Kaku and D. H. Lowenstein Emergence of Recreational Drug Abuse as a Major Risk Factor for Stroke in Young Adults Ann Intern Med, December 1, 1990; 113(11): 821 - 827. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. E. Marsh III, J. Biller, H. P. Adams Jr, J. R. Marler, J. R. Hulbert, B. B. Love, and D. L. Gordon Circadian Variation in Onset of Acute Ischemic Stroke Arch Neurol, November 1, 1990; 47(11): 1178 - 1180. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. A. Waterston, M. M. Brown, P. Butler, and M. Swash Small Deep Cerebral Infarcts Associated With Occlusive Internal Carotid Artery Disease: A Hemodynamic Phenomenon? Arch Neurol, September 1, 1990; 47(9): 953 - 957. [Abstract] [PDF]
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N. M. Bornstein, A. Krajewski, A. J. Lewis, and J. W. Norris Clinical Significance of Carotid Plaque Hemorrhage Arch Neurol, September 1, 1990; 47(9): 958 - 959. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. J. Kilpatrick, S. M. Davis, B. M. Tress, S. C. Rossiter, J. L. Hopper, and M. L. Vandendriesen Epileptic Seizures in Acute Stroke Arch Neurol, February 1, 1990; 47(2): 157 - 160. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. J. Alberts, C. Bertels, and D. V. Dawson An Analysis of Time of Presentation After Stroke JAMA, January 5, 1990; 263(1): 65 - 68. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. R. Levine Acute Cerebral Ischemia in a Critical Care Unit: A Review of Diagnosis and Management Arch Intern Med, January 1, 1989; 149(1): 90 - 98. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Weinberger, E. Rothlauf, E. Materese, and J. Halperin Noninvasive Evaluation of the Extracranial Carotid Arteries in Patients With Cerebrovascular Events and Atrial Fibrillations Arch Intern Med, August 1, 1988; 148(8): 1785 - 1788. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. F. Rothrock, P. Walicke, M. R. Swenson, P. D. Lyden, and W. R. Logan Migrainous Stroke Arch Neurol, January 1, 1988; 45(1): 63 - 67. [Abstract] [PDF]
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