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Department of Neurology, Columbia University (Drs. Burke, Fahn, Gollomp, and Ilson), the Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine (Dr. Jankovic), and University Department of Neurology of the Maudsley and King's College Hospitals (Drs. Marsden and Lang).
It is not widely recognized that antipsychotic drugs can cause late-onset and persistent dystonia. This dystonia, which we call tardive dystonia, is to be distinguished from acute dystonic reactions, which are transient, and from classic tardive dyskinesia, which is a choreic disorder that predominantly affects the oral region. We present 42 patients with tardive dystonia. The age of onset of dystonia was 13 to 60 years. Symptoms began after 3 days to 11 years of antipsychotic therapy. Younger patients tended to have more generalized dystonia. In a few patients, spontaneous remission occurred, but dystonia persisted for years in most. Therapy was rarely a complete success. The most frequently helpful medications were tetrabenazine (68% of patients improved) and anticholinergics (39% improved).
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Burke, Neurological Institute, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032.
Accepted for publication May 17, 1982.
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