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Department of Neurology (Dr. Dreifuss and Ms. Santilli), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA; and the Pharmaceutical Products Division (Drs. Langer, Sweeney, Menander, and Ms. Moline), Abbott Laboratories, and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Dr. Langer), University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL.
We reviewed all US cases of fatal hepatotoxicity coincident with valproate anticonvulsant therapy that were reported between 1978 and 1984. Thirty-seven hepatic fatalities were determined to have occurred coincident with the use of valproate. All but one patient had such other medical conditions as mental retardation, developmental delay, congenital abnormalities, and other neurologic diseases. The primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction (1/500) was found to be in children 0 to 2 years old receiving valproate as polytherapy. The risk declined with age and was low in patients receiving valproate as monotherapy (1/37,000). No hepatic fatalities occurred in patients above the age of 10 years receiving valproate as monotherapy.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Dreifuss, Department of Neurology, Box 394, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
Received May 5, 1986. Accepted for publication in final form June 17, 1986.
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