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Hypoglossal, trigeminal, and facial motoneuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

From the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Abbs and Brooks) and Neurophysiology (Dr. Abbs), Clinical Science Center, and the Speech Motor Control Laboratories (Ms. DePaul and Drs. Abbs, Caligiuri, and Gracco), Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.

Facial, trigeminal, and hypoglossal motoneuron involvement was quantified in 25 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and in normal controls. Measures included (1) maximum voluntary contraction of the lower lip, mandible, and tongue using custom-designed force transducers, (2) clinical functions of each muscle group, and in some patients (3) orofacial mobility using videofluoroscopy. All measures indicated that the tongue muscles were most severely affected, even in patients who initially had symptoms in the extremities.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Abbs, Speech Motor Control Laboratories, 1500 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705–2280.

Supported in part by NIH grants NS-13274–09, 5-P30-HD-03352-14, and the Muscular Dystrophy Association.

Received December 8, 1985. Accepted for publication in final form May 28, 1987.

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