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Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
We detected large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia (macrophages), along with Lewy bodies and free melanin, in the substantia nigra of all cases studied with Parkinson's disease (5) and parkinsonism with dementia (PD) (5). We found similar, but less extensive, pathology in the substantia nigra of six of nine cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) but in only one of 11 age-matched nonneurologic cases. All dementia cases with a premortem diagnosis of DAT or PD showed large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia and significant plaque and tangle counts in the hippocampus, as well as reduced cortical choline acetyltransferase activity. One of 11 nondemented controls showed mild evidence of similar cortical pathology. These data indicate that HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia are a sensitive index of neuropathologic activity. They suggest a frequent coexistence of DAT- and Parkinson-type pathology in elderly patients.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. P.L. McGeer, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada.
Supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada, the Medical Services Foundation of BC, the Alzheimer's Association of BC, and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association of Chicago.
Received October 8, 1987. Accepted for publication in final form December 17, 1987.
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