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NEUROLOGY 1989;39:192
© 1989 American Academy of Neurology

The "yips"

A focal dystonia of golfers

Keith D. McDaniel, MD, Jeffrey L. Cummings, MD and Sara Shain, MS

Neurobehavior Unit, West Los Angeles VAMC (Brentwood Division), UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (Drs. McDaniel and Cummings)
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (Drs. McDaniel and Cummings)
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (Dr. Cummings)
Division of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (Ms. Shain).

The "yips" is an involuntary motor disturbance affecting golfers. A 69-item questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 1,050 professional and amateur golfers in an effort to define and characterize this syndrome. Of the male golfers there was a 42% response rate and 28% reported suffering from the yips. The disorder was described most frequently as jerks, tremors, and spasms affecting the preferred arm distally and primarily during putting. When compared with unaffected golfers, afflicted golfers were significantly older and had more cumulative years of golfing. In 24%, activities other than golfing were affected and 25% reported involvement of body regions beyond the arms. These data support the hypothesis that the yips represents a focal dystonia and shares many features with other occupational dystonias.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Cummings, Neurobehavior Unit, West Los Angeles VAMC (Brentwood Division), (691/B111) 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073.

Supported by the Veterans Administration and a private grant from Mac O'Grady and MORAD Company.

Received June 10, 1988. Accepted for publication in final form August 23, 1988.




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