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Embolic stroke from a carotid arterial source in the rat

Pathology and clinical implications

Cerebral Vascular Disease Center and Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

We developed a new animal model of stroke which resembles human stroke more closely than existing models. We described the pathology produced in the brain following platelet embolism, previously described only in the retina. The common carotid artery of the rat was irradiated for 6.5 minutes with an argon laser at 514.5 nm after intravenous injection of a photosensitizing agent, rose bengal. A retinal embolus was seen in 1 rat 5 minutes after irradiation. A nonocclusive platelet thrombus was present in the carotid artery 50 minutes after irradiation, with almost all the platelet thrombus being cleared 24 hours later. Acute (1 to 10 days) changes in the brain included 44 small infarcts in 12/13 rats, cortical arterioles occluded with platelets and thickening of small vessels in normotensive rats. Chronic (4 to 12 weeks) changes included lacunes in the brains of normotensive rats and intimal proliferation of smooth muscle in the carotid artery. This is the 1st animal model of (1) stroke with emboli produced in vivo rather than injected into the carotid, (2) intimal proliferation of smooth muscle without invasion of the vessel, and (3) lacunes. This model provides results important to the laboratory study of stroke.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Futrell, Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurology, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202.

Supported by USPHS grants NS-05820, NS-2260, and NS-23244. Dr. Futrell is supported by NINCDS training grant NS-07238. Dr. Dietrich is an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association. Dr. Ginsberg is the recipient of a Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award.

Received December 15, 1988. Accepted for publication in final form February 8, 1989.

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