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NEUROLOGY 1991;41:51
© 1991 American Academy of Neurology

Quantification of magnetic resonance scans for hippocampal and parahippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease

J. Patrick Kesslak, PhD, Orhan Nalcioglu, PhD and Carl W. Cotman, PhD

Departments of Neurology (Drs. Kesslak and Cotman), Radiological Sciences, Division of Physics and Engineering (Dr. Nalcioglu), and Psychobiology (Dr. Cotman), University of California, Irvine, CA.

The brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) invariably exhibit neuropathology in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex when examined postmortem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a noninvasive, high-resolution method for quantifying volumetric changes in the AD brain antemortem. Eight patients diagnosed with probable AD and 7 age- matched controls had MRI scans and were tested on a battery of cognitive and olfactory tests. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (parahippocampal gyrus) showed significant atrophy, with over 40% reduction in size. Areas of the brain that are not highly involved in the degenerative state of AD, such as the striatum, did not show significant volumetric changes. Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volumes had the highest correlation with scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (r = 0.89), with lower correlations for a smell identification test (r = 0.65), odor match-to-sample test (r = 0.72), and a visual match-to- sample test (r = 0.26).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. Patrick Kesslak, Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717.

Funded in part by the PEW Foundation and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Consortium of Los Angeles and Orange counties.

Received December 21,1989. Accepted for publication in final form June 22,1990.




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