| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of Community Health Sciences (Drs. Semchuk and Love) and Clinical Neurosciences (Dr. Lee), Faculty of Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB; and the Centre for Agricultural Medicine, Department of Medicine (Dr. Semchuk), College of Medicine, and the College of Nursing (Dr. Semchuk), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
We studied the relative etiologic importance upon the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) of occupational exposure to herbicides and other compounds, ionizing radiation exposure, family history of PD and essential tremor, smoking, and history of various viral and other medical conditions. We identified patients (n = 130) with neurologist-confirmed idiopathic PD through contacts with Calgary general hospitals, long-term care facilities, neurologists, the Movement Disorder Clinic, and the Parkinson's Society of Southern Alberta, and selected two matched (by sex and age ± 2.5 years) community controls for each case by random digit dialing. We obtained lifetime work, chemical, radiation, medical, and smoking exposure histories and family histories of PD and essential tremor by personal interviews, and analyzed the data using conditional logistic regression for matched sets. After controlling for potential confounding and interaction between the exposure variables, using multivariate statistical methods, having a family history of PD was the strongest predictor of PD risk, followed by head trauma and then occupational herbicide use. Cases and controls did not differ in their previous exposures to smoking or ionizing radiation; family history of essential tremor; work-related contact with aluminum, carbon monoxide, cyanide, manganese, mercury, or mineral oils; or history of arteriosclerosis, chicken pox, encephalitis, hypertension, hypotension, measles, mumps, rubella, or Spanish flu. These results support the hypothesis of a multifactorial etiology for PD, probably involving genetic, environmental, trauma, and possibly other factors.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Karen M. Semchuk, Centre for Agricultural Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X0, Canada.
Supported in part by the National Health Research and Development Program, Health and Welfare Canada, through grant no. 6609-1473-53 and through a National Health PhD Fellowship to Dr. Semchuk.
Received June 30,1992. Accepted for publication in final form October 29,1992.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. Zuo, W. Qu, R. N. Cooper, R. A. Goyer, B. A. Diwan, and M. P. Waalkes Potential Role of {alpha}-Synuclein and Metallothionein in Lead-Induced Inclusion Body Formation Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2009; 111(1): 100 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Rugbjerg, B. Ritz, L. Korbo, N. Martinussen, and J. H Olsen Risk of Parkinson's disease after hospital contact for head injury: population based case-control study BMJ, December 15, 2008; 337(dec15_2): a2494 - a2494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Simon, H. Chen, M. Schwarzschild, and A. Ascherio Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson disease Neurology, October 23, 2007; 69(17): 1688 - 1695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Y Baek, Y H Kim, S O Oh, C-R Lee, C I Yoo, J H Lee, H Lee, C S Sim, J Park, J-W Kim, et al. Manganese does not alter the severe neurotoxicity of MPTP Human and Experimental Toxicology, March 1, 2007; 26(3): 203 - 211. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Wilk, J. E. Tobin, O. Suchowersky, H. A. Shill, C. Klein, G. F. Wooten, M. F. Lew, M. H. Mark, M. Guttman, R. L. Watts, et al. Herbicide exposure modifies GSTP1 haplotype association to Parkinson onset age: The GenePD Study Neurology, December 26, 2006; 67(12): 2206 - 2210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Meulener, K. Xu, L. Thomson, H. Ischiropoulos, and N. M. Bonini Mutational analysis of DJ-1 in Drosophila implicates functional inactivation by oxidative damage and aging PNAS, August 15, 2006; 103(33): 12517 - 12522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C M Fored, J P Fryzek, L Brandt, G Nise, B Sjogren, J K McLaughlin, W J Blot, and A Ekbom Parkinson's disease and other basal ganglia or movement disorders in a large nationwide cohort of Swedish welders Occup. Environ. Med., February 1, 2006; 63(2): 135 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Dodd, D. L. Ward, and B. G. Klein Basal Ganglia Accumulation and Motor Assessment Following Manganese Chloride Exposure in the C57BL/6 Mouse International Journal of Toxicology, November 1, 2005; 24(6): 389 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Jankovic Searching for a relationship between manganese and welding and Parkinson's disease Neurology, June 28, 2005; 64(12): 2021 - 2028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Elbaz, S.K. McDonnell, D.M. Maraganore, K.J. Strain, D.J. Schaid, J.H. Bower, J.E. Ahlskog, and W.A. Rocca Validity of family history data on PD: Evidence for a family information bias Neurology, July 8, 2003; 61(1): 11 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Bower, D. M. Maraganore, B. J. Peterson, S. K. McDonnell, J. E. Ahlskog, and W. A. Rocca Head trauma preceding PD: A case-control study Neurology, May 27, 2003; 60(10): 1610 - 1615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Nicholson, A. C. Pereira, and G. M. Hall Parkinson's disease and anaesthesia Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2002; 89(6): 904 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Foltynie, S Sawcer, C Brayne, and R A Barker The genetic basis of Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 2002; 73(4): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W C Nichols, N Pankratz, S K Uniacke, M W Pauciulo, C Halter, A Rudolph, P M Conneally, and T Foroud Linkage stratification and mutation analysis at the parkin locus identifies mutation positive Parkinson's disease families J. Med. Genet., July 1, 2002; 39(7): 489 - 492. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. V. Schapira Neuroprotection and dopamine agonists Neurology, February 1, 2002; 58(90001): S9 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. E. Maher, L. I. Golbe, A. M. Lazzarini, M. H. Mark, L. J. Currie, G. F. Wooten, M. Saint-Hilaire, J. B. Wilk, J. Volcjak, J. E. Maher, et al. Epidemiologic study of 203 sibling pairs with Parkinson's disease: The GenePD study Neurology, January 8, 2002; 58(1): 79 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J Hampshire, E. Roberts, Y. Crow, J. Bond, A. Mubaidin, A.-L. Wriekat, A. Al-Din, and C G. Woods Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, pallido-pyramidal degeneration with supranuclear upgaze paresis and dementia, maps to 1p36 J. Med. Genet., October 1, 2001; 38(10): 680 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Kirby, R. L. Barlow, and J. R. Bloomquist Neurotoxicity of the Organochlorine Insecticide Heptachlor to Murine Striatal Dopaminergic Pathways Toxicol. Sci., May 1, 2001; 61(1): 100 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. S. Shastry Molecular Etiology of Parkinson Disease: Recent Progress Neuroscientist, August 1, 2000; 6(4): 234 - 240. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M Autere, J. S Moilanen, V. V Myllyla, and K. Majamaa Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease in a Finnish population J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2000; 69(1): 107 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Ritz and F. Yu Parkinson's disease mortality and pesticide exposure in California 1984-1994 Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2000; 29(2): 323 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Elbaz, F. Grigoletto, M. Baldereschi, M. M. Breteler, J. M. Manubens-Bertran, S. Lopez-Pousa, J. F. Dartigues, A. Alperovitch, C. Tzourio, and W. A. Rocca Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease: A population-based case-control study in Europe Neurology, June 1, 1999; 52(9): 1876 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Vymazal, A. Righini, R. A. Brooks, M. Canesi, C. Mariani, M. Leonardi, and G. Pezzoli T1 and T2 in the Brain of Healthy Subjects, Patients with Parkinson Disease, and Patients with Multiple System Atrophy: Relation to Iron Content Radiology, May 1, 1999; 211(2): 489 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Hanna, J. Jankovic, and J. B. Kirkpatrick Multiple System Atrophy: The Putative Causative Role of Environmental Toxins Arch Neurol, January 1, 1999; 56(1): 90 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Lang and A. M. Lozano Parkinson's Disease- First of Two Parts N. Engl. J. Med., October 8, 1998; 339(15): 1044 - 1053. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. KIMPARA, A. TAKEDA, N. OKITA, S. TAKASE, H. SAITO, and Y. ITOYAMA The familial parkinsonism locus on chromosome 4 and idiopathic Parkinson's disease in Japan J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 1998; 64(3): 416 - 417. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Manning-Bog, A. L. McCormack, J. Li, V. N. Uversky, A. L. Fink, and D. A. Di Monte The Herbicide Paraquat Causes Up-regulation and Aggregation of alpha -Synuclein in Mice. PARAQUAT AND alpha -SYNUCLEIN J. Biol. Chem., January 11, 2002; 277(3): 1641 - 1644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
