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Speech localization using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Dr. Jennum) and the University Clinic of Neurology (Dr. Dam), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre; the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (Dr. Friberg), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen; and the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Dr. Fuglsang-Frederiksen), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

To evaluate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS) may be used for speech localization, we compared the results from RTMS with the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) in 21 patients undergoing surgical treatment (amygdalohippocampectomy or anterior temporal lobe resection) for medically intractable partial epilepsy. None of the patients had aphasia. We stimulated the temporal and frontal cortex on each side at a frequency of 30 Hz for 1 second and increased the intensity until speech was inhibited. A list of words and forward and backward counting were used to test speech function. The IAT was performed on the hemisphere of proposed surgery by unilateral injection and simultaneous regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) recordings. In one patient, there was doubt about hemisphere dominance and a second bilateral IAT was performed. Fifteen patients had left-sided speech dominance; one, left-sided dominance and a moderate right-sided speech inhibition; two, right-sided speech dominance; and one, bilateral speech representations (bilateral injection at the IAT) with both techniques. One patient showed bilateral with right-sided speech dominance by RTMS and showed right-sided speech inhibition with right-sided injection only at the IAT procedure. One patient differed from the rest, showing bilateral representation with right-sided speech dominance with RTMS and left-sided speech inhibition by IAT with left-sided injection only. The concordance was 95%. None of the patients had seizures provoked by the procedure. We conclude that speech localization with RTMS shows a high concordance with the results from the IAT and may be useful in addition to traditional techniques in speech localization. RTMS is noninvasive, can be repeated, carries little or no risks, and does not require that the patients be hospitalized.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Poul Jennum, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.

Received March 4, 1993. Accepted for publication in final form July 30, 1993.

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