|
|
||||||||
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Drs. Welsh, Fillenbanm, and Heyman)
Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr. Butters)
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (Dr. Mohs)
University of Washington, Seattle, WA (D. Beekly and S. Edland).
The neuropsychological tests developed for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) are currently used to measure cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical investigations of this disorder. This report presents the normative information for the CERAD battery, obtained in a large sample (n = 413) of control subjects (ages 50 to 89) who were enrolled in 23 university medical centers in the United States participating in the CERAD study from 1987 to 1992. We compared separately the performance of subjects with high (
12) and low (<12) years of formal education. For many of the individual cognitive measures in the highly educated group, we observed significant age and gender effects. Only the praxis measure showed a significant age effect in the low-education group. Delayed recall, when adjusted for amount of material acquired (savings), was relatively unaffected by age, gender, and level of education. Our findings suggest that the savings scores, in particular, may be useful in distinguishing between AD and normal aging.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Kathleen Welsh, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, 2200 West Main Street, Suite A-230, Durham, NC 27705.
Supported by NIA grants AG06790 and AG05128 to Duke University Medical Center by funds from the Veterans Administration, Washington, DC, and NIA grants AG08024 and AG05131 to the University of California at San Diego, CA.
Received August 4, 1993. Accepted for publication in final form September 15, 1993.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
J. He, S. Farias, O. Martinez, B. Reed, D. Mungas, and C. DeCarli Differences in Brain Volume, Hippocampal Volume, Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, and Apolipoprotein E4 Among Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes Arch Neurol, November 1, 2009; 66(11): 1393 - 1399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L A van de Pol, F Verhey, G B Frisoni, M Tsolaki, P Papapostolou, F Nobili, L-O Wahlund, L Minthon, L Frolich, H Hampel, et al. White matter hyperintensities and medial temporal lobe atrophy in clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment: the DESCRIPA study J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 2009; 80(10): 1069 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. T. Farias, D. Mungas, B. R. Reed, D. Harvey, and C. DeCarli Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in Clinic- vs Community-Based Cohorts Arch Neurol, September 1, 2009; 66(9): 1151 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Iacono, W. R. Markesbery, M. Gross, O. Pletnikova, G. Rudow, P. Zandi, and J. C. Troncoso The Nun Study: Clinically silent AD, neuronal hypertrophy, and linguistic skills in early life Neurology, September 1, 2009; 73(9): 665 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A. Abas, S. Punpuing, T. Jirapramukpitak, P. Guest, K. Tangchonlatip, M. Leese, and M. Prince Rural-urban migration and depression in ageing family members left behind The British Journal of Psychiatry, July 1, 2009; 195(1): 54 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. W. Vernooij, M. A. Ikram, H. A. Vrooman, P. A. Wielopolski, G. P. Krestin, A. Hofman, W. J. Niessen, A. Van der Lugt, and M. M. B. Breteler White Matter Microstructural Integrity and Cognitive Function in a General Elderly Population Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 2009; 66(5): 545 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Fellgiebel, E. Kojro, M. J. Muller, A. Scheurich, L. G. Schmidt, and F. Fahrenholz CSF APPs{alpha} and Phosphorylated Tau Protein Levels in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia of Alzheimer's Type J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, March 1, 2009; 22(1): 3 - 9. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Euser, A. Hofman, R. G. J. Westendorp, and M. M. B. Breteler Serum uric acid and cognitive function and dementia Brain, February 1, 2009; 132(2): 377 - 382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A.G.W. van Norden, W. F. Fick, K. F. de Laat, I. W.M. van Uden, L. J.B. van Oudheusden, I. Tendolkar, M. P. Zwiers, and F. E. de Leeuw Subjective cognitive failures and hippocampal volume in elderly with white matter lesions Neurology, October 7, 2008; 71(15): 1152 - 1159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. T. Lautenschlager, K. L. Cox, L. Flicker, J. K. Foster, F. M. van Bockxmeer, J. Xiao, K. R. Greenop, and O. P. Almeida Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Trial JAMA, September 3, 2008; 300(9): 1027 - 1037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Scazufca, P. R Menezes, R. Araya, V. D Di Rienzo, O. P Almeida, D. Gunnell, and D. A Lawlor Risk factors across the life course and dementia in a Brazilian population: results from the Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH) Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2008; 37(4): 879 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. D. Orfei, R. G. Robinson, P. Bria, C. Caltagirone, and G. Spalletta Unawareness of Illness in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Phenomenological Certainty versus Etiopathogenic Vagueness Neuroscientist, April 1, 2008; 14(2): 203 - 222. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Delano-Wood, N. Abeles, J. M. Sacco, C. E. Wierenga, N. R. Horne, and A. Bozoki Regional White Matter Pathology in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Differential Influence of Lesion Type on Neuropsychological Functioning Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 794 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. L. Tyas, D. A. Snowdon, M. F. Desrosiers, K. P. Riley, and W. R. Markesbery Healthy ageing in the Nun Study: definition and neuropathologic correlates Age Ageing, November 1, 2007; 36(6): 650 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Huang, R.P. Friedland, and A.P. Auchus Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Normal-Appearing White Matter in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer Disease: Preliminary Evidence of Axonal Degeneration in the Temporal Lobe AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2007; 28(10): 1943 - 1948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. A. Licht, A. M. McMurtray, R. E. Saul, and M. F. Mendez Cognitive Differences between Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, July 1, 2007; 22(3): 218 - 222. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. E. Klunk, J. C. Price, C. A. Mathis, N. D. Tsopelas, B. J. Lopresti, S. K. Ziolko, W. Bi, J. A. Hoge, A. D. Cohen, M. D. Ikonomovic, et al. Amyloid Deposition Begins in the Striatum of Presenilin-1 Mutation Carriers from Two Unrelated Pedigrees J. Neurosci., June 6, 2007; 27(23): 6174 - 6184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, J. J. McCann, Y. Li, N. T. Aggarwal, D. W. Gilley, and D. A. Evans Nursing Home Placement, Day Care Use, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2007; 164(6): 910 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Mendez, J. S. Shapira, A. McMurtray, E. Licht, and B. L. Miller Accuracy of the Clinical Evaluation for Frontotemporal Dementia Arch Neurol, June 1, 2007; 64(6): 830 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Fritsch, M. J. McClendon, K. A. Smyth, A. J. Lerner, R. P. Friedland, and J. D. Larsen Cognitive Functioning in Healthy Aging: The Role of Reserve and Lifestyle Factors Early in Life Gerontologist, June 1, 2007; 47(3): 307 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. L. Tyas, J. C. Salazar, D. A. Snowdon, M. F. Desrosiers, K. P. Riley, M. S. Mendiondo, and R. J. Kryscio Transitions to Mild Cognitive Impairments, Dementia, and Death: Findings from the Nun Study Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2007; 165(11): 1231 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. E. Galvin, C. M. Roe, and J. C. Morris Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Combining Brief Informant and Performance Measures Arch Neurol, May 1, 2007; 64(5): 718 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Waag Carlson, V. J. Neelon, J. R. Carlson, M. Hartman, and S. Dogra Respiratory Periodicity and Electroencephalogram Arousals During Sleep in Older Adults Biol Res Nurs, April 1, 2007; 8(4): 249 - 260. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. E. Dunn, S. Weintraub, A. M. Stoddard, and S. Banks Serum {alpha}-tocopherol, concurrent and past vitamin E intake, and mild cognitive impairment Neurology, February 27, 2007; 68(9): 670 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, T. L. Beck, J. L. Bienias, and D. A. Bennett Terminal Cognitive Decline: Accelerated Loss of Cognition in the Last Years of Life Psychosom Med, February 1, 2007; 69(2): 131 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, S. E. Arnold, J. A. Schneider, Y. Li, and D. A. Bennett Chronic Distress, Age-Related Neuropathology, and Late-Life Dementia Psychosom Med, January 1, 2007; 69(1): 47 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. T. Aggarwal, R. S. Wilson, T. L. Beck, J. L. Bienias, and D. A. Bennett Motor Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, December 1, 2006; 63(12): 1763 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. S. Beeri, J. Schmeidler, M. Sano, J. Wang, R. Lally, H. Grossman, and J. M. Silverman Age, gender, and education norms on the CERAD neuropsychological battery in the oldest old. Neurology, September 26, 2006; 67(6): 1006 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Riemenschneider, L. Konta, P. Friedrich, S. Schwarz, K. Taddei, F. Neff, A. Padovani, H. Kolsch, S. M. Laws, N. Klopp, et al. A functional polymorphism within plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) is associated with Alzheimer's disease Hum. Mol. Genet., August 15, 2006; 15(16): 2446 - 2456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Mendez and A. McMurtray Frontotemporal dementia-like phenotypes associated with presenilin-1 mutations. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, August 1, 2006; 21(4): 281 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. C. Shah, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, Z. Arvanitakis, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Blood pressure and lower limb function in older persons. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., August 1, 2006; 61(8): 839 - 843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Yaffe, E. Vittinghoff, K. E. Ensrud, K. C. Johnson, S. Diem, V. Hanes, and D. Grady Effects of ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol on cognition and health-related quality of life. Arch Neurol, July 1, 2006; 63(7): 945 - 950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Bennett, J. A. Schneider, Z. Arvanitakis, J. F. Kelly, N. T. Aggarwal, R. C. Shah, and R. S. Wilson Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies Neurology, June 27, 2006; 66(12): 1837 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Y. Lee, I. H. Choo, K. W. Kim, J. H. Jhoo, J. C. Youn, U. Y. Lee, and J. I. Woo White Matter Changes Associated With Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease Patients J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, May 1, 2006; 18(2): 191 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. W. Bokde, P. Lopez-Bayo, T. Meindl, S. Pechler, C. Born, F. Faltraco, S. J. Teipel, H.-J. Moller, and H. Hampel Functional connectivity of the fusiform gyrus during a face-matching task in subjects with mild cognitive impairment Brain, May 1, 2006; 129(5): 1113 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A Espeland, S. R Rapp, J. Robertson, I. Granek, C. Murphy, M. Albert, and T. Bassford Benchmarks for designing two-stage studies using modified mini-mental state examinations: experience from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study Clinical Trials, April 1, 2006; 3(2): 99 - 106. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N T Aggarwal, R S Wilson, T L Beck, J L Bienias, and D A Bennett Mild cognitive impairment in different functional domains and incident Alzheimer's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 2005; 76(11): 1479 - 1484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Drzezga, T. Grimmer, M. Riemenschneider, N. Lautenschlager, H. Siebner, P. Alexopoulus, S. Minoshima, M. Schwaiger, and A. Kurz Prediction of Individual Clinical Outcome in MCI by Means of Genetic Assessment and 18F-FDG PET J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2005; 46(10): 1625 - 1632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. L Tucker, N. Qiao, T. Scott, I. Rosenberg, and A. Spiro III High homocysteine and low B vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2005; 82(3): 627 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. D. Prins, E. J. van Dijk, T. den Heijer, S. E. Vermeer, J. Jolles, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, and M. M. B. Breteler Cerebral small-vessel disease and decline in information processing speed, executive function and memory Brain, September 1, 2005; 128(9): 2034 - 2041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Fleischman, R. S. Wilson, J. D. E. Gabrieli, J. A. Schneider, J. L. Bienias, and D. A. Bennett Implicit memory and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology Brain, September 1, 2005; 128(9): 2006 - 2015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Mendez and J. S. Shapira Loss of Insight and Functional Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal Dementia J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2005; 17(3): 413 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Chandler, L. H. Lacritz, L. S. Hynan, H. D. Barnard, G. Allen, M. Deschner, M. F. Weiner, and C. M. Cullum A total score for the CERAD neuropsychological battery Neurology, July 12, 2005; 65(1): 102 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. Kraybill, E. B. Larson, D. W. Tsuang, L. Teri, W. C. McCormick, J. D. Bowen, W. A. Kukull, J. B. Leverenz, and M. M. Cherrier Cognitive differences in dementia patients with autopsy-verified AD, Lewy body pathology, or both Neurology, June 28, 2005; 64(12): 2069 - 2073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Johnson, J. Diehl, M. F. Mendez, J. Neuhaus, J. S. Shapira, M. Forman, D. J. Chute, E. D. Roberson, C. Pace-Savitsky, M. Neumann, et al. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Demographic Characteristics of 353 Patients Arch Neurol, June 1, 2005; 62(6): 925 - 930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Missonnier, G. Gold, L. Fazio-Costa, J.-P. Michel, R. Mulligan, A. Michon, V. Ibanez, and P. Giannakopoulos Early Event-Related Potential Changes During Working Memory Activation Predict Rapid Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2005; 60(5): 660 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Bennett, J. A. Schneider, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and R. S. Wilson Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions Neurology, March 8, 2005; 64(5): 834 - 841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. E. Budson and B. H. Price Memory Dysfunction N. Engl. J. Med., February 17, 2005; 352(7): 692 - 699. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. C. Steffens, K. A. Welsh-Bohmer, J. R. Burke, B. L. Plassman, J. L. Beyer, K. R. Gersing, and G. G. Potter Methodology and Preliminary Results From the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly Study J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2004; 17(4): 202 - 211. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, Y. Li, N. T. Aggarwal, L. L. Barnes, J. J. McCann, D. W. Gilley, and D. A. Evans Education and the course of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease Neurology, October 12, 2004; 63(7): 1198 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M C Morris, D A Evans, J L Bienias, P A Scherr, C C Tangney, L E Hebert, D A Bennett, R S Wilson, and N Aggarwal Dietary niacin and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and of cognitive decline J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2004; 75(8): 1093 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. H. Kang, J. Weuve, and F. Grodstein Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling aging women Neurology, July 13, 2004; 63(1): 101 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Boise, M. B. Neal, and J. Kaye Dementia Assessment in Primary Care: Results From a Study in Three Managed Care Systems J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2004; 59(6): M621 - M626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Arvanitakis, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Decline in Cognitive Function Arch Neurol, May 1, 2004; 61(5): 661 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Schneider, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Cerebral infarctions and the likelihood of dementia from Alzheimer disease pathology Neurology, April 13, 2004; 62(7): 1148 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Mortimer, K. M. Gosche, K. P. Riley, W. R. Markesbery, and D. A. Snowdon Delayed recall, hippocampal volume and Alzheimer neuropathology: Findings from the Nun Study Neurology, February 10, 2004; 62(3): 428 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T Jarvenpaa, M P Laakso, R Rossi, M Koskenvuo, J Kaprio, I Raiha, T Kurki, M Laine, G B Frisoni, and J O Rinne Hippocampal MRI volumetry in cognitively discordant monozygotic twin pairs J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2004; 75(1): 116 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, D. A. Evans, J. L. Bienias, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. A. Schneider, and D. A. Bennett Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(11): 1479 - 1485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R.S. Wilson, J.A. Schneider, J.L. Bienias, S.E. Arnold, D.A. Evans, and D.A. Bennett Depressive symptoms, clinical AD, and cortical plaques and tangles in older persons Neurology, October 28, 2003; 61(8): 1102 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Mendez, D. G. Clark, J. S. Shapira, and J. L. Cummings Speech and language in progressive nonfluent aphasia compared with early Alzheimer's disease Neurology, October 28, 2003; 61(8): 1108 - 1113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Shafiq-Antonacci, P. Maruff, C. Masters, and J. Currie Spectrum of Saccade System Function in Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, September 1, 2003; 60(9): 1272 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. C. Morris, D. A. Evans, J. L. Bienias, C. C. Tangney, D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, N. Aggarwal, and J. Schneider Consumption of Fish and n-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, July 1, 2003; 60(7): 940 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, D. A. Evans, C. F. Mendes de Leon, S. E. Arnold, L. L. Barnes, and J. L. Bienias Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons Neurology, June 24, 2003; 60(12): 1909 - 1915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, L. A. Beckett, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Terminal decline in cognitive function Neurology, June 10, 2003; 60(11): 1782 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D.-C. Chan, J. D. Kasper, B. S. Black, and P. V. Rabins Presence of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms Predicts Nursing Home Placement in Community-Dwelling Elders With Cognitive Impairment in Univariate But Not Multivariate Analysis J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2003; 58(6): M548 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Hee Kang and F. Grodstein Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cognitive function in aging women Neurology, May 27, 2003; 60(10): 1591 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Parkinsonianlike Signs and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease in Older Persons Arch Neurol, April 1, 2003; 60(4): 539 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Evans, D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, M. C. Morris, P. A. Scherr, L. E. Hebert, N. Aggarwal, L. A. Beckett, R. Joglekar, et al. Incidence of Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Urban Community: Relation to Apolipoprotein E Allele Status Arch Neurol, February 1, 2003; 60(2): 185 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. C. Morris, D. A. Evans, J. L. Bienias, C. C. Tangney, D. A. Bennett, N. Aggarwal, J. Schneider, and R. S. Wilson Dietary Fats and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, February 1, 2003; 60(2): 194 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R S Wilson, J L Bienias, E Berry-Kravis, D A Evans, and D A Bennett The apolipoprotein E {varepsilon}2 allele and decline in episodic memory J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, December 1, 2002; 73(6): 672 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Riemenschneider, N. Lautenschlager, S. Wagenpfeil, J. Diehl, A. Drzezga, and A. Kurz Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and {beta}-Amyloid 42 Proteins Identify Alzheimer Disease in Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment Arch Neurol, November 1, 2002; 59(11): 1729 - 1734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Mungas, B. R. Reed, W. J. Jagust, C. DeCarli, W. J. Mack, J. H. Kramer, M. W. Weiner, N. Schuff, and H. C. Chui Volumetric MRI predicts rate of cognitive decline related to AD and cerebrovascular disease Neurology, September 24, 2002; 59(6): 867 - 873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, L. L. Barnes, C. F. Mendes de Leon, N. T. Aggarwal, J. S. Schneider, J. Bach, J. Pilat, L. A. Beckett, S. E. Arnold, D. A. Evans, et al. Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons Neurology, August 13, 2002; 59(3): 364 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, L. L. Barnes, L. A. Beckett, N. T. Aggarwal, E. J. Cochran, E. Berry-Kravis, J. Bach, J. H. Fox, D. A. Evans, et al. The Apolipoprotein E {epsilon}4 Allele and Decline in Different Cognitive Systems During a 6-Year Period Arch Neurol, July 1, 2002; 59(7): 1154 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Riemenschneider, S. Wagenpfeil, J. Diehl, N. Lautenschlager, T. Theml, B. Heldmann, A. Drzezga, T. Jahn, H. Forstl, and A. Kurz Tau and A{beta}42 protein in CSF of patients with frontotemporal degeneration Neurology, June 11, 2002; 58(11): 1622 - 1628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Pratico, C. M. Clark, F. Liun, V. Y.-M. Lee, and J. Q. Trojanowski Increase of Brain Oxidative Stress in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Possible Predictor of Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, June 1, 2002; 59(6): 972 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. M. Gosche, J. A. Mortimer, C. D. Smith, W. R. Markesbery, and D. A. Snowdon Hippocampal volume as an index of Alzheimer neuropathology: Findings from the Nun Study Neurology, May 28, 2002; 58(10): 1476 - 1482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M Riemenschneider, J Diehl, U Muller, H Forstl, and A Kurz Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in German patients with frontotemporal degeneration J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2002; 72(5): 639 - 641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Wilson, C. F. Mendes de Leon, L. L. Barnes, J. A. Schneider, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease JAMA, February 13, 2002; 287(6): 742 - 748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. H. Lee, K. U. Lee, D. Y. Lee, K. W. Kim, J. H. Jhoo, J. H. Kim, K. H. Lee, S. Y. Kim, S. H. Han, and J. I. Woo Development of the Korean Version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K): Clinical and Neuropsychological Assessment Batteries J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., January 1, 2002; 57(1): P47 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Mungas, W. J. Jagust, B. R. Reed, J. H. Kramer, M. W. Weiner, N. Schuff, D. Norman, W. J. Mack, L. Willis, and H. C. Chui MRI predictors of cognition in subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease Neurology, December 26, 2001; 57(12): 2229 - 2235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F E Chukwudelunzu, J F Meschia, N R Graff-Radford, and J A Lucas Extensive metabolic and neuropsychological abnormalities associated with discrete infarction of the genu of the internal capsule J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 2001; 71(5): 658 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Collie, P. Maruff, R. Shafiq-Antonacci, M. Smith, M. Hallup, P. R. Schofield, C. L. Masters, and J. Currie Memory decline in healthy older people: Implications for identifying mild cognitive impairment Neurology, June 12, 2001; 56(11): 1533 - 1538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. S. Derrer, D. B. Howieson, E. A. Mueller, R. M. Camicioli, G. Sexton, and J. A. Kaye Memory Testing in Dementia: How Much Is Enough? J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, March 1, 2001; 14(1): 1 - 6. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Hoffman, K. A. Welsh-Bohmer, M. Hanson, B. Crain, C. Hulette, N. Earl, and R. E. Coleman FDG PET Imaging in Patients with Pathologically Verified Dementia J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2000; 41(11): 1920 - 1928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. S. Moudgil, M. Azzouz, A. Al-Azzaz, M. Haut, and L. Gutmann Amnesia due to Fornix Infarction Stroke, June 1, 2000; 31(6): 1418 - 1419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. T. Tschanz, K. A. Welsh-Bohmer, I. Skoog, N. West, M. C. Norton, B. W. Wyse, R. Nickles, and J. C. S. Breitner Dementia diagnoses from clinical and neuropsychological data compared: The Cache County study Neurology, March 28, 2000; 54(6): 1290 - 1296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. P. Riley, D. A. Snowdon, A. M. Saunders, A. D. Roses, J. A. Mortimer, and N. Nanayakkara Cognitive Function and Apolipoprotein E in Very Old Adults: Findings From the Nun Study J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., March 1, 2000; 55(2): 69S - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. C. Morris, P. A. Scherr, L. E. Hebert, D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, R. J. Glynn, and D. A. Evans The Cross-sectional Association Between Blood Pressure and Alzheimer's Disease in a Biracial Community Population of Older Persons J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2000; 55(3): 130M - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
F. Manes, J. Springer, R. Jorge, and R. G Robinson Verbal memory impairment after left insular cortex infarction J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 1999; 67(4): 532 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. M. Clark, L. Sheppard, G. G. Fillenbaum, D. Galasko, J. C. Morris, E. Koss, R. Mohs, A. Heyman, and and the CERAD Investigators Variability in Annual Mini-Mental State Examination Score in Patients With Probable Alzheimer Disease: A Clinical Perspective of Data From the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Arch Neurol, July 1, 1999; 56(7): 857 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. D. Bird, D. Nochlin, P. Poorkaj, M. Cherrier, J. Kaye, H. Payami, E. Peskind, T. H. Lampe, E. Nemens, P. J. Boyer, et al. A clinical pathological comparison of three families with frontotemporal dementia and identical mutations in the tau gene (P301L) Brain, April 1, 1999; 122(4): 741 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Newman, D. T. Laskowitz, A. M. Saunders, A. M. Grigore, and H. P. Grocott Genetic Predictors of Perioperative Neurologic and Neuropsychological Injury and Recovery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 1, 1999; 3(1): 34 - 46. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Snowdon, L. H. Greiner, J. A. Mortimer, K. P. Riley, P. A. Greiner, and W. R. Markesbery Brain Infarction and the Clinical Expression of Alzheimer Disease: The Nun Study JAMA, March 12, 1997; 277(10): 813 - 817. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |