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NEUROLOGY 1996;46:907-911
© 1996 American Academy of Neurology

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis

Results of an international survey

Fred D. Lublin, MD, Stephen C. Reingold, PhD and National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis*

*See page 910 for Committee members.
From the Department of Neurology (Dr. Lublin), Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA; and the Research and Medical Programs Department (Dr. Reingold), National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA), New York, NY.
Received August 9, 1995. Accepted in final form August 18, 1995.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Lublin, Department of Neurology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA.

Standardization of terminology used to describe the pattern and course of MS is essential for mutual understanding between clinicians and investigators.It is particularly important in design of, and recruitment for, clinical trials statistically powered for expected outcomes for given patient populations with narrowly defined entry criteria. For agents that prove safe and effective for MS, knowledge of the patient populations in definitive clinical trials assists clinicians in determining who may ultimately benefit from use of the medication. An international survey of clinicians involved with MS revealed areas of consensus about some terms classically used to describe types of the disease and other areas for which there was lack of consensus. In this report, we provide a summary of the survey results and propose standardized definitions for the most common clinical courses of patients with MS.

NEUROLOGY 1996;46: 907-911




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BrainHome page
C. F. Lucchinetti, R. H. Gavrilova, I. Metz, J. E. Parisi, B. W. Scheithauer, S. Weigand, K. Thomsen, J. Mandrekar, A. Altintas, B. J. Erickson, et al.
Clinical and radiographic spectrum of pathologically confirmed tumefactive multiple sclerosis
Brain, July 1, 2008; 131(7): 1759 - 1775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Child NeurolHome page
B. J. Williams, H. J. Skinner, and B. L. Maria
Increased Intracranial Pressure in a Case of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
J Child Neurol, June 1, 2008; 23(6): 699 - 702.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
A. Hebb, C. Moore, V Bhan, T Campbell, J. Fisk, H. Robertson, M Thorne, E Lacasse, M Holcik, J Gillard, et al.
Expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family in multiple sclerosis reveals a potential immunomodulatory role during autoimmune mediated demyelination
Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2008; 14(5): 577 - 594.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
S Minden, D Hoaglin, S Jureidini, L Hadden, D Frankel, Y Komatsuzaki, and J Outley
Disease-modifying agents in the Sonya Slifka Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Study
Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2008; 14(5): 640 - 655.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
M. Melcon, L Gold, A Carra, F Caceres, J Correale, E Cristiano, N Fernandez Liguori, O Garcea, G Luetic, M Kremenchutzky, et al.
Argentine Patagonia: prevalence and clinical features of multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2008; 14(5): 656 - 662.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
S Bramow, J. Faber-Rod, C Jacobsen, A Kutzelnigg, P Patrikios, P. Sorensen, H Lassmann, and H Laursen
Fatal neurogenic pulmonary edema in a patient with progressive multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2008; 14(5): 711 - 715.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
F Martinelli Boneschi, B Colombo, P Annovazzi, V Martinelli, L Bernasconi, C Solaro, and G Comi
Lifetime and actual prevalence of pain and headache in multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2008; 14(4): 514 - 521.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
D. Galimberti, C. Fenoglio, C. Comi, D. Scalabrini, M. De Riz, M. Leone, E. Venturelli, F. Cortini, M. Piola, F. Monaco, et al.
MDC/CCL22 intrathecal levels in patients with multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2008; 14(4): 547 - 549.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
R. Marignier, J. De Seze, S. Vukusic, F. Durand-Dubief, H. Zephir, P. Vermersch, P. Cabre, G. Cavillon, J. Honnorat, and C. Confavreux
NMO-IgG and Devic's neuromyelitis optica: a French experience
Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2008; 14(4): 440 - 445.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
A. Miller, V. Spada, D. Beerkircher, and R. R. Kreitman
Long-term (up to 22 years), open-label, compassionate-use study of glatiramer acetate in relapsing--remitting multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2008; 14(4): 494 - 499.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
E. Fainardi, R. Rizzo, L. Melchiorri, M. Stignani, M. Castellazzi, C. Tamborino, E. Paolino, M. Tola, E. Granieri, and O. Baricordi
CSF levels of soluble HLA-G and Fas molecules are inversely associated to MRI evidence of disease activity in patients with relapsing--remitting multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2008; 14(4): 446 - 454.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
M. D Goldman, R. A. Marrie, and J. A Cohen
Evaluation of the six-minute walk in multiple sclerosis subjects and healthy controls
Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2008; 14(3): 383 - 390.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
H. Tremlett, Yinshan Zhao, and V. Devonshire
Natural history of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2008; 14(3): 314 - 324.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
J. Parratt, R. Tavendale, J. O'Riordan, D. Parratt, and R. Swingler
Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific serum immune complexes in patients with multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2008; 14(3): 292 - 299.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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BrainHome page
N. L. Sicotte, K. C. Kern, B. S. Giesser, A. Arshanapalli, A. Schultz, M. Montag, H. Wang, and S. Y. Bookheimer
Regional hippocampal atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Brain, April 1, 2008; 131(4): 1134 - 1141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NeurologyHome page
S. L. Minden, D. C. Hoaglin, L. Hadden, D. Frankel, T. Robbins, and J. Perloff
Access to and utilization of neurologists by people with multiple sclerosis
Neurology, March 25, 2008; 70(13_Part_2): 1141 - 1149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NeurologyHome page
J. J. Kragt, A. J. Thompson, X. Montalban, M. Tintore, J. Rio, C. H. Polman, and B.M.J. Uitdehaag
Responsiveness and predictive value of EDSS and MSFC in primary progressive MS
Neurology, March 25, 2008; 70(13_Part_2): 1084 - 1091.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
S. Strasser-Fuchs, C. Enzinger, S. Ropele, M. Wallner, and F. Fazekas
Clinically benign multiple sclerosis despite large T2 lesion load: Can we explain this paradox?
Multiple Sclerosis, March 1, 2008; 14(2): 205 - 211.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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BrainHome page
L. K. Fisniku, P. A. Brex, D. R. Altmann, K. A. Miszkiel, C. E. Benton, R. Lanyon, A. J. Thompson, and D. H. Miller
Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis
Brain, March 1, 2008; 131(3): 808 - 817.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
R. Zivadinov, A.C. Banas, V. Yella, N. Abdelrahman, B. Weinstock-Guttman, and M.G. Dwyer
Comparison of Three Different Methods for Measurement of Cervical Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2008; 29(2): 319 - 325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch NeurolHome page
C. Di Perri, M. Battaglini, M. L. Stromillo, M. L. Bartolozzi, L. Guidi, A. Federico, and N. De Stefano
Voxel-Based Assessment of Differences in Damage and Distribution of White Matter Lesions Between Patients With Primary Progressive and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2008; 65(2): 236 - 243.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BrainHome page
A. P. D. Henderson, S. A. Trip, P. G. Schlottmann, D. R. Altmann, D. F. Garway-Heath, G. T. Plant, and D. H. Miller
An investigation of the retinal nerve fibre layer in progressive multiple sclerosis using optical coherence tomography
Brain, January 1, 2008; 131(1): 277 - 287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
R.A. Marrie and M. Goldman
Validity of performance scales for disability assessment in multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, November 1, 2007; 13(9): 1176 - 1182.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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NeurologyHome page
M. G. Brown, S. Kirby, C. Skedgel, J. D. Fisk, T. J. Murray, V. Bhan, and I. S. Sketris
How effective are disease-modifying drugs in delaying progression in relapsing-onset MS?
Neurology, October 9, 2007; 69(15): 1498 - 1507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch NeurolHome page
M. Calabrese, N. De Stefano, M. Atzori, V. Bernardi, I. Mattisi, L. Barachino, A. Morra, L. Rinaldi, C. Romualdi, P. Perini, et al.
Detection of Cortical Inflammatory Lesions by Double Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Arch Neurol, October 1, 2007; 64(10): 1416 - 1422.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
A.M. Bamer, K. Cetin, D. Amtmann, J.D. Bowen, and K.L. Johnson
Comparing a self report questionnaire with physician assessment for determining multiple sclerosis clinical disease course: a validation study
Multiple Sclerosis, September 1, 2007; 13(8): 1033 - 1037.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mult SclerHome page
K. Cetin, K.L. Johnson, D.M. Ehde, C.M. Kuehn, D. Amtmann, and G.H. Kraft
Antidepressant use in multiple sclerosis: epidemiologic study of a large community sample
Multiple Sclerosis, September 1, 2007; 13(8): 1046 - 1053.
[Abstract] [PDF]




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