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Severity of hippocampal atrophy correlates with the prolongation of MRI T sub 2 relaxation time in temporal lobe epilepsy but not in Alzheimer's disease

From the A.I. Virtanen Institute (Drs. Pitkanen and Riekkinen), University of Kuopio, P. O. Box 1627, 70 211 Kuopio, Finland; and the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Laakso, Kalviainen, Lehtovirta, Riekkinen, and Soininen) and Clinical Radiology (Drs. Partanen and Vainio), Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70 211 Kuopio, Finland.
Supported by The Academy of Finland (A.P., P.R., H.S.), The Vaajasalo Foundation (A.P.), and The Finnish Epilepsy Foundation (A.P.).
Presented in abstract form at the 47th annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Seattle, WA, 1995.
Received August 28, 1995. Accepted in final form November 1, 1995.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. A. Pitkanen, A.I. Virtanen Institute, Univ. of Kuopio, P. O. Box 1627, 70 211 Kuopio, Finland.

We analyzed hippocampal volumes and T sub 2 relaxation times by MRI from 78 control subjects, 24 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, and 55 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).In the epilepsy group, the hippocampal volumes were 27% smaller than in control subjects (p < 0.001). The T₂ relaxation times were prolonged (8 to 20 ms compared with control subjects) in the head, body, and tail portions of the hippocampus on the focal side (p < 0.01) and also on the contralateral side (p < 0.05) compared with control subjects. In the epilepsy group, the prolongation of T₂ relaxation time correlated inversely with the hippocampal volume (p < 0.05). In the AD group, the hippocampal volumes were 35% smaller than in control subjects (p < 0.01). The T₂ relaxation times were slightly prolonged (5 to 6 ms) in the head and tail portions of the right hippocampus (p < 0.01), but the T₂ relaxation times did not correlate with the hippocampal volumes. These data show that the degree of prolongation of T₂ relaxation time is associated with severity of hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy but not in AD.

NEUROLOGY 1996;46: 1724-1730

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