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From the Behavioral Neurogenetics and Neuroimaging Research Center (Drs. Baumgardner and Reiss, Mr. Rubin, Mr. Abrams, and Mr. Colli) and Developmental Cognitive Neurology (Dr. Denckla), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry (Drs. Baumgardner, Denckla, and Reiss), Neurology (Drs. Singer and Denckla), and Pediatrics (Drs. Singer, Denckla, and Reiss), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. This research was supported in part by grants MH01142, HD25806, and HD24061 from the National Institutes of Health and the Tourette's Association.
Received April 17, 1995. Accepted in final form November 29, 1995.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thomas L. Baumgardner, Behavioral Neurogenetics and Neuroimaging Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway, Suite 509, Baltimore, MD 21205 or Dr Singer, Department of Neurology, Harvey 811, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287.
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the corpus callosum (CC) in Tourette syndrome (TS) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine whether these conditions affect distinct regional differences.Seventy-seven children and adolescents, aged 6 to 16 years, comprised the four research groups--16 patients with TS, 21 patients with TS plus ADHD, 13 patients with ADHD, and 27 unaffected control subjects. A semiautomated, computer-assisted procedure was used to measure the total area, five subregions, centerline length, perimeter, and bending angle of the CC. MRI data were analyzed using several statistical methods, primarily two-tailed analysis of variance to test the effects of TS and ADHD status, while controlling for the influence of age, gender, and total intracranial area (an estimate of brain size). TS was associated with significant increases in the area of four of five subdivisions, the total area, and the perimeter of the CC. ADHD was associated with a significant decrease in the area of the rostral body. There were no interactions between TS and ADHD factors. These findings suggest that the area of the CC is larger in children with TS, and that this difference is independent of age, handedness, intracranial area, and the diagnosis of ADHD. Our findings support hypotheses that the neurobiologic mechanisms in TS and ADHD involve frontal/subcortical circuits.
NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 477-482
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