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NEUROLOGY 1997;48:2S-9S
© 1997 American Academy of Neurology

Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

David S. Geldmacher, MD and Peter J. Whitehouse, Jr., MD, PhD

From the University Alzheimer Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. David S. Geldmacher, University Alzheimer Center, 12200 Fairhill Road, Cleveland, OH 44120.

Abstract.

Article abstract-Accurate diagnosis of dementia is essential to provide appropriate treatment as well as patient and family counseling. It may be difficult to differentiate dementia from delirium. In addition, several features distinguish dementia from depression, but the two can coexist and the distinction may be uncertain. Dementias can be grouped into two categories: dementia that presents without prominent motor signs and dementia that presents with prominent motor signs. Dementias without prominent motor signs include Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Creutzfeld-Jakob and other prion diseases. Dementias characterized at onset by prominent motor signs include dementias with Lewy bodies, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration, hydrocephalus, Huntington's disease, and vascular dementia. Routine diagnostic steps include a careful history, mental status screening, laboratory and imaging studies, and neuropsychologic testing. Genetic testing is available, but its use is controversial and raises complex ethical questions.

NEUROLOGY 1997;48(Suppl 6): S2-S9






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