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Neurophysiologic correlates of implicit face memory in intracranial visual evoked potentials

From the Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr. Seeck); the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA (Mr. Mainwaring and Drs. Blume, Dubuisson, and Schomer); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr. Cosgrove); and the Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL (Dr. Mesulam).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. M. Seeck, Clinique de Neurologie, Unité d'EEG, Laboratoire d'exploration pre-chirurgicale des épilepsies, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, 24, rue Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Genéve 14, Switzerland.

Visual evoked potentials were recorded in the amygdala, hippocampus, mid- and inferotemporal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and lateral frontal cortex of seven epileptic patients while they were engaged in a difficult task requiring the discrimination between repeated and nonrepeated faces. The explicit recognition of previously seen faces was at chance levels, as measured by the accuracy of push-button responses. Nevertheless, all subjects showed clear-cut differential evoked responses to repeated versus nonrepeated faces, indicating implicit encoding of the distinction between the two types of stimuli. Differential responses were more frequent in neocortical recording sites (especially in the mid-and inferotemporal leads) than in limbic recording sites such as the amygdala and hippocampus. The authors conclude that implicit encoding processes are modulated by neocortical visual association areas of the temporal lobes.

Supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Se520) and the Swiss National Science Foundation No. 4038-044081 (M.S.).

Received February 4, 1997. Accepted in final form July 7, 1997.

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