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From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (Drs. Tong, Yenari, Albers, and O'Brien), and Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology (Drs. Marks and Moseley), Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. David C. Tong, Stanford Stroke Center, 701 Welch Road, Suite 325B, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Background: Diffusion-weighted (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) MRI are powerful new techniques for the assessment of acute cerebral ischemia. However, quantitative data comparing the severity of clinical neurologic deficit with the results of DWI or PWI in the earliest phases of stroke are scarce. Such information is vital if MRI is potentially to be used as an objective adjunctive measure of stroke severity and outcome.
Objective: The authors compared initial DWI and PWI lesion volumes with subsequent 24-hour neurologic deficit as determined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in acute stroke patients. Initial DWI and PWI volumes were also compared with T2W MRI lesion volume at 1 week to assess the accuracy of these MRI techniques for the detection of acute cerebral ischemia.
Methods: Patients with stroke underwent MRI scanning within 6.5 hours of symptom onset. Lesion volumes on DWI and PWI were measured and compared with 24-hour NIHSS score. Initial DWI and PWI volumes were also compared with T2W lesion size at 1 week.
Results: There was a high correlation between 24-hour NIHSS score and lesion volume as determined by PWI (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) or DWI(r = 0.67, p = 0.03). A similar high correlation was seen between T2W stroke size at 7 days and initial DWI and PWI lesion size(r = 0.99, p < 0.00001).
Conclusions: Both DWI and PWI are highly correlated with severity of neurologic deficity by 24-hour NIHSS score. These findings may have substantial implications for the use of MRI scanning in the assessment and management of acute stroke patients.
Supported in part by NINDS grants 1R01NS34866-01A1, 1R01NS35959-01A1, and 1R01NS34088 and a grant from Janssen Pharmaceutica.
Received May 14, 1997. Accepted in final form November 20, 1997.
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I. Linfante, R. H. Llinas, G. Schlaug, C. Chaves, S. Warach, and L. R. Caplan Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the Acute Phase of Posterior-Circulation Stroke Arch Neurol, April 1, 2001; 58(4): 621 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Wu, W. J. Koroshetz, L. Ostergaard, F. S. Buonanno, W. A. Copen, R. G. Gonzalez, G. Rordorf, B. R. Rosen, L. H. Schwamm, R. M. Weisskoff, et al. Predicting Tissue Outcome in Acute Human Cerebral Ischemia Using Combined Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 933 - 942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Jacobs, P. Mitsias, H. Soltanian-Zadeh, S. Santhakumar, A. Ghanei, R. Hammond, D. J. Peck, M. Chopp, and S. Patel Multiparametric MRI Tissue Characterization in Clinical Stroke With Correlation to Clinical Outcome : Part 2 Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 950 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. J. Johnson, D. K. Kido, W. D. Shannon, M. M. Bahn, M. H. Gado, B. C. P. Lee, C. J. Moran, F. J. Wippold, and B. Littenberg Evaluation of a Reduced MR Imaging Sequencing Protocol in Adult Patients with Stroke Radiology, March 1, 2001; 218(3): 791 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. B. van der Worp, S. P. Claus, P. R. Bar, L. M. P. Ramos, A. Algra, J. van Gijn, and L. J. Kappelle Reproducibility of Measurements of Cerebral Infarct Volume on CT Scans Stroke, February 1, 2001; 32(2): 424 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Fisher and W. Schaebitz An Overview of Acute Stroke Therapy: Past, Present, and Future Arch Intern Med, November 27, 2000; 160(21): 3196 - 3206. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. W. Schaefer, P. E. Grant, and R. G. Gonzalez Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Brain Radiology, November 1, 2000; 217(2): 331 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Krueger, H. Kugel, M. Grond, A. Thiel, D. Maintz, and K. Lackner Late Resolution of Diffusion-Weighted MRI Changes in a Patient With Prolonged Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit After Thrombolytic Therapy Stroke, November 1, 2000; 31(11): 2715 - 2718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Keir and J. M. Wardlaw Systematic Review of Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, November 1, 2000; 31(11): 2723 - 2731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. C. Tong, A. Adami, M. E. Moseley, and M. P. Marks Relationship Between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Subsequent Hemorrhagic Transformation Following Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, October 1, 2000; 31(10): 2378 - 2384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. W. Parsons, T. Li, P. A. Barber, Q. Yang, D. G. Darby, P. M. Desmond, R. P. Gerraty, B. M. Tress, and S. M. Davis Combined 1H MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI improves the prediction of stroke outcome Neurology, August 22, 2000; 55(4): 498 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Oppenheim, R. Stanescu, D. Dormont, S. Crozier, B. Marro, Y. Samson, G. Rancurel, and C. Marsault False-negative Diffusion-weighted MR Findings in Acute Ischemic Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., August 1, 2000; 21(8): 1434 - 1440. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. E. Mayer, G. F. Hamann, J. Baranczyk, B. Rosengarten, E. Klotz, M. Wiesmann, U. Missler, G. Schulte-Altedorneburg, and H. J. Brueckmann Dynamic CT Perfusion Imaging of Acute Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., August 1, 2000; 21(8): 1441 - 1449. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Rother, L. Jonetz-Mentzel, A. Fiala, J. R. Reichenbach, M. Herzau, W. A. Kaiser, and C. Weiller Hemodynamic Assessment of Acute Stroke Using Dynamic Single-Slice Computed Tomographic Perfusion Imaging Arch Neurol, August 1, 2000; 57(8): 1161 - 1166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. D Schellinger, O. Jansen, J. B Fiebach, O. Pohlers, H. Ryssel, S. Heiland, T. Steiner, W. Hacke and, and K. Sartor Feasibility and Practicality of MR Imaging of Stroke in the Management of Hyperacute Cerebral Ischemia AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., July 1, 2000; 21(7): 1184 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. H. Lee, S.-J. Cho, H. S. Byun, D. G. Na, N.-C. Choi, S. J. Lee, I.-S. Jin, T. G. Lee, and C.-S. Chung Triphasic Perfusion Computed Tomography in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke: A Correlation With Angiographic Findings Arch Neurol, July 1, 2000; 57(7): 990 - 999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. D. Schellinger, O. Jansen, J. B. Fiebach, S. Heiland, T. Steiner, S. Schwab, O. Pohlers, H. Ryssel, K. Sartor, and W. Hacke Monitoring Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Diffusion and Perfusion MRI Stroke, June 1, 2000; 31(6): 1318 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. G. Gadian, F. Calamante, F. J. Kirkham, M. Bynevelt, C. L. Johnson, D. A. Porter, W. K. Chong, M. Prengler, and A. Connelly Diffusion and Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Childhood Stroke J Child Neurol, May 1, 2000; 15(5): 279 - 283. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. Flacke, H. Urbach, E. Keller, F. Träber, A. Hartmann, J. Textor, J. Gieseke, W. Block, P. J. M. Folkers, and H. H. Schild Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Susceptibility Sign at Susceptibility-based Perfusion MR Imaging: Clinical Importance and Comparison with Hyperdense MCA Sign at CT Radiology, May 1, 2000; 215(2): 476 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Pineiro, S. T. Pendlebury, S. Smith, D. Flitney, A. M. Blamire, P. Styles, and P. M. Matthews Relating MRI Changes to Motor Deficit After Ischemic Stroke by Segmentation of Functional Motor Pathways Stroke, March 1, 2000; 31(3): 672 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Chalela, D. C. Alsop, J. B. Gonzalez-Atavales, J. A. Maldjian, S. E. Kasner, and J. A. Detre Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Stroke, March 1, 2000; 31(3): 680 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. G. Bradley and R. B. Shey MR Imaging Evaluation of Seizures Radiology, March 1, 2000; 214(3): 651 - 656. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Recommendations for Standards Regarding Preclinical Neuroprotective and Restorative Drug Development Stroke, December 1, 1999; 30(12): 2752 - 2758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. T. C. Yuh, T. Ueda, M. White, M. E. Schuster, and T. Taoka The Need for Objective Assessment of the New Imaging Techniques and Understanding the Expanding Roles of Stroke Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 1999; 20(10): 1779 - 1784. [Full Text]
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P. Y-K. Wang, P. B. Barker, R. J. Wityk, A. M. Ulug, P. C. M. van Zijl, and N. J. Beauchamp Diffusion-Negative Stroke: A Report of Two Cases AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 1999; 20(10): 1876 - 1880. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Lyden, M. Lu, C. Jackson, J. Marler, R. Kothari, T. Brott, and J. Zivin Underlying Structure of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale : Results of a Factor Analysis Stroke, November 1, 1999; 30(11): 2347 - 2354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. G. Darby, P. A. Barber, R. P. Gerraty, P. M. Desmond, Q. Yang, M. Parsons, T. Li, B. M. Tress, and S. M. Davis Pathophysiological Topography of Acute Ischemia by Combined Diffusion-Weighted and Perfusion MRI Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2043 - 2052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. A. Barber, D. G. Darby, P. M. Desmond, R. P. Gerraty, Q. Yang, T. Li, D. Jolley, G. A. Donnan, B. M. Tress, and S. M. Davis Identification of Major Ischemic Change : Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Versus Computed Tomography Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2059 - 2065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. W. Albers Expanding the Window for Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke : The Potential Role of Acute MRI for Patient Selection Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2230 - 2237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. C. Tong, G. W. Albers, M. A. Yenari, M. P. Marks, P. D. Schellinger, O. Jansen, J. B. Fiebach, and K. Sartor A Standardized MRI Stroke Protocol: Comparison with CT in Hyperacute Intracerebral Hemorrhage • Response Stroke, September 1, 1999; 30 (9): 1974a - 1981. [Full Text] [PDF]
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