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From the Progetto Finalizzato Invecchiamento (Drs. Baldereschi, Di Carlo, Maggi, and Amaducci), Italian National Research Council, Rome; Institute of Hygiene (Dr. Grigoletto), University of Padova; Department of Neurology(Dr. Lepore), University of Bari; Department of Neurology (Dr. Bracco), University of Firenze; and the Institute of Clinical Neurology (Dr. Scarlato), University of Milan, Italy.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Marzia Baldereschi, CNR PF Invecchiamento, Via Pancaldo 21, 50127, Firenze, Italy.
Objective: To study the association of estrogen-replacement therapy and other estrogen-related variables with Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women.
Background: Postmenopausal estrogen use has been reported to lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Design: A population-based, multicenter survey was carried out in eight Italian municipalities. The sample of 2,816 women, aged 65 to 84 years, was randomly selected from the population register of each municipality and stratified in 5-year age groups. All women were screened using the Mini-Mental State Examination and interviewed concerning risk factors. Those who screened positive underwent a clinical assessment. Dementia syndrome was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria, and Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for possible and probable Alzheimer's disease.
Results: The estimated prevalence of postmenopausal estrogen use adjusted to the 1991 Italian female population was 12.3%. The frequency of estrogen use was higher among nonpatients compared with Alzheimer's disease patients (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.77). The inverse association between estrogen therapy and Alzheimer's disease remained significant after adjustment for age, education, age at menarche, age at menopause, smoking and alcohol habits, body weight at the age of 50 years, and number of children(odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.98).
Conclusions: Our data from a population-based study support the hypothesis that estrogen-replacement therapy is associated with a reduced prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women. Prospective clinical trials are required to enable women and their physicians to weigh risks and benefits of estrogen-replacement therapy for the prevention of dementia.
As part of the Progetto Finalizzato Invecchiamento, the ILSA has been supported by the Italian National Research Council by means of annual grants to each research unit from 1991 through 1995.
Received July 7, 1997. Accepted in final form November 7, 1997.
*Members of the ILSA Working Group are listed in the Appendix on page 1001.
Deceased.
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