| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Departments of Neurology (Dr. Gorell) and Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (Drs. Johnson, Rybicki, and Peterson), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; the NIEHS Center in Molecular and Cellular Toxicology with Human Applications (Drs. Gorell and Johnson), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; and the Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health (Dr. Richardson), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Jay M. Gorell, Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital and Health Sciences Center, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202.
We assessed exposure to pesticides, farming, well water use, and rural living as risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a population-based case-control study consisting of men and women 
50 years of age who had primary medical care at Henry Ford Health System in metropolitan Detroit. Enrolled PD patients (n = 144) and control subjects (n = 464) were frequency-matched for age, race, and sex. When adjusted for these variables and smoking status, there was a significant association of occupational exposure to herbicides (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; 95% CI, 1.37, 12.24) and insecticides (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.75, 7.18) with PD, but no relation was found with fungicide exposure. Farming as an occupation was significantly associated with PD (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.03, 7.55), but there was no increased risk of the disease with rural or farm residence or well water use. The association of occupational exposure to herbicides or insecticides with PD remained after adjustment for farming. The association of farming with PD was maintained after adjustment for occupational herbicide exposure and was of borderline significance after adjustment for occupational insecticide exposure. These results suggest that PD is associated with occupational exposure to herbicides and insecticides and to farming and that the risk of farming cannot be accounted for by pesticide exposure alone.
Supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES 06418, to J.M.G.), the William T. Gossett Parkinson's Disease Center, and the Louis Hayman Parkinson's Disease Research Fund, both of the Henry Ford Health System.
Received February 26, 1997. Accepted in final form December 29, 1997.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. A. Drechsel and M. Patel Differential Contribution of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes to Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Redox Cycling Agents Implicated in Parkinsonism Toxicol. Sci., December 1, 2009; 112(2): 427 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Ragland, C. Hutter, C. Zabetian, and K. Edwards Association Between the Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Esterase L1 Gene (UCHL1) S18Y Variant and Parkinson's Disease: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis Am. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2009; 170(11): 1344 - 1357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Dodd and B. Klein Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticide exposure in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease: an immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in dorsolateral striatum Toxicology and Industrial Health, February 1, 2009; 25(1): 25 - 39. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. K. Leung, P. L. Williams, A. Benedetto, C. Au, K. J. Helmcke, M. Aschner, and J. N. Meyer Caenorhabditis elegans: An Emerging Model in Biomedical and Environmental Toxicology Toxicol. Sci., November 1, 2008; 106(1): 5 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Press and J. Milbrandt Nmnat Delays Axonal Degeneration Caused by Mitochondrial and Oxidative Stress J. Neurosci., May 7, 2008; 28(19): 4861 - 4871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shavali and D. A. Sens Synergistic Neurotoxic Effects of Arsenic and Dopamine in Human Dopaminergic Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2008; 102(2): 254 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Fei, A. L. McCormack, D. A. Di Monte, and D. W. Ethell Paraquat Neurotoxicity Is Mediated by a Bak-dependent Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., February 8, 2008; 283(6): 3357 - 3364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Thomas and M. F. Beal Parkinson's disease Hum. Mol. Genet., October 15, 2007; 16(R2): R183 - R194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Sanborn, K.J. Kerr, L.H. Sanin, D.C. Cole, K.L. Bassil, and C. Vakil Non-cancer health effects of pesticides: Systematic review and implications for family doctors Can Fam Physician, October 1, 2007; 53(10): 1712 - 1720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Peng, L. Peng, F. F. Stevenson, S. R. Doctrow, and J. K. Andersen Iron and Paraquat as Synergistic Environmental Risk Factors in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Accelerate Age-Related Neurodegeneration J. Neurosci., June 27, 2007; 27(26): 6914 - 6922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Dick, S. Semple, F. Dick, and A. Seaton Occupational titles as risk factors for Parkinson's disease Occup. Med., January 1, 2007; 57(1): 50 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. N.P. Kelada, H. Checkoway, S. L.R. Kardia, C. S. Carlson, P. Costa-Mallen, D. L. Eaton, J. Firestone, K. M. Powers, P. D. Swanson, G. M. Franklin, et al. 5' and 3' region variability in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3), pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease risk: a hypothesis-generating study Hum. Mol. Genet., October 15, 2006; 15(20): 3055 - 3062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Safiulina, N. Peet, E. Seppet, A. Zharkovsky, and A. Kaasik Dehydroepiandrosterone Inhibits Complex I of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and is Neurotoxic In Vitro and In Vivo at High Concentrations Toxicol. Sci., October 1, 2006; 93(2): 348 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Malagelada, E. J. Ryu, S. C. Biswas, V. Jackson-Lewis, and L. A. Greene RTP801 Is Elevated in Parkinson Brain Substantia Nigral Neurons and Mediates Death in Cellular Models of Parkinson's Disease by a Mechanism Involving Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inactivation J. Neurosci., September 27, 2006; 26(39): 9996 - 10005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Genuis Health issues and the environment--an emerging paradigm for providers of obstetrical and gynaecological health care Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2006; 21(9): 2201 - 2208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Meulener, K. Xu, L. Thomson, H. Ischiropoulos, and N. M. Bonini Mutational analysis of DJ-1 in Drosophila implicates functional inactivation by oxidative damage and aging PNAS, August 15, 2006; 103(33): 12517 - 12522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Yesavage, J. Sheikh, A. Noda, G. Murphy, R. O'Hara, R. Hierholzer, M. Battista, J. W. Ashford, B. Schneider, J. Hoblyn, et al. Spatial Test for Agricultural Pesticide "Blow-In" Effect on Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, March 1, 2006; 19(1): 32 - 35. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Goldman, C. M. Tanner, C. W. Olanow, R. L. Watts, R. D. Field, and J. W. Langston Occupation and parkinsonism in three movement disorders clinics Neurology, November 8, 2005; 65(9): 1430 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Peng, F. F. Stevenson, S. R. Doctrow, and J. K. Andersen Superoxide Dismutase/Catalase Mimetics Are Neuroprotective against Selective Paraquat-mediated Dopaminergic Neuron Death in the Substantial Nigra: IMPLICATIONS FOR PARKINSON DISEASE J. Biol. Chem., August 12, 2005; 280(32): 29194 - 29198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Thiruchelvam, O. Prokopenko, D. A. Cory-Slechta, E. K. Richfield, B. Buckley, and O. Mirochnitchenko Overexpression of Superoxide Dismutase or Glutathione Peroxidase Protects against the Paraquat + Maneb-induced Parkinson Disease Phenotype J. Biol. Chem., June 10, 2005; 280(23): 22530 - 22539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Firestone, T. Smith-Weller, G. Franklin, P. Swanson, W. T. Longstreth Jr, and H. Checkoway Pesticides and Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Population-Based Case-Control Study Arch Neurol, January 1, 2005; 62(1): 91 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-R. Kweon, J. D. Marks, R. Krencik, E. H. Leung, P. T. Schumacker, K. Hyland, and U. J. Kang Distinct Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration Induced by Chronic Complex I Inhibition in Dopaminergic and Non-dopaminergic Cells J. Biol. Chem., December 10, 2004; 279(50): 51783 - 51792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Peng, X. O. Mao, F. F. Stevenson, M. Hsu, and J. K. Andersen The Herbicide Paraquat Induces Dopaminergic Nigral Apoptosis through Sustained Activation of the JNK Pathway J. Biol. Chem., July 30, 2004; 279(31): 32626 - 32632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Genuis and S. K. Genuis Human Exposure Assessment and Relief From Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Case Study of a Hairdresser J Am Board Fam Med, March 1, 2004; 17(2): 136 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Sherer, R. Betarbet, C. M. Testa, B. B. Seo, J. R. Richardson, J. H. Kim, G. W. Miller, T. Yagi, A. Matsuno-Yagi, and J. T. Greenamyre Mechanism of Toxicity in Rotenone Models of Parkinson's Disease J. Neurosci., November 26, 2003; 23(34): 10756 - 10764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Pittman, C. A. Dodd, and B. G. Klein Immunohistochemical Changes in the Mouse Striatum Induced by the Pyrethroid Insecticide Permethrin International Journal of Toxicology, September 1, 2003; 22(5): 359 - 370. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-M. Gao, B. Liu, and J.-S. Hong Critical Role for Microglial NADPH Oxidase in Rotenone-Induced Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons J. Neurosci., July 16, 2003; 23(15): 6181 - 6187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Van Den Eeden, C. M. Tanner, A. L. Bernstein, R. D. Fross, A. Leimpeter, D. A. Bloch, and L. M. Nelson Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: Variation by Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2003; 157(11): 1015 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Greene, A. J. Whitworth, I. Kuo, L. A. Andrews, M. B. Feany, and L. J. Pallanck Mitochondrial pathology and apoptotic muscle degeneration in Drosophila parkin mutants PNAS, April 1, 2003; 100(7): 4078 - 4083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-M. Gao, J.-S. Hong, W. Zhang, and B. Liu Synergistic Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity of the Pesticide Rotenone and Inflammogen Lipopolysaccharide: Relevance to the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease J. Neurosci., February 15, 2003; 23(4): 1228 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, R. D. Abbott, W. T. Sanderson, D. S. Sharp, C. M. Tanner, K. H. Masaki, P. L. Blanchette, J. S. Popper, D. Foley, et al. Plantation Work and Risk of Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Longitudinal Study Arch Neurol, November 1, 2002; 59(11): 1787 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Sherer, R. Betarbet, A. K. Stout, S. Lund, M. Baptista, A. V. Panov, M. R. Cookson, and J. T. Greenamyre An In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease: Linking Mitochondrial Impairment to Altered alpha -Synuclein Metabolism and Oxidative Damage J. Neurosci., August 15, 2002; 22(16): 7006 - 7015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Maggio and G. F. King Scanning Mutagenesis of a Janus-faced Atracotoxin Reveals a Bipartite Surface Patch That Is Essential for Neurotoxic Function J. Biol. Chem., June 14, 2002; 277(25): 22806 - 22813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-M. Gao, J.-S. Hong, W. Zhang, and B. Liu Distinct Role for Microglia in Rotenone-Induced Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons J. Neurosci., February 1, 2002; 22(3): 782 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Yazal, S. N. Rao, A. Mehl, and W. Slikker Jr. Prediction of Organophosphorus Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Using Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) Methods Toxicol. Sci., October 1, 2001; 63(2): 223 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L S Engel, H Checkoway, M C Keifer, N S Seixas, W T Longstreth Jr, K C Scott, K Hudnell, W K Anger, and R Camicioli Parkinsonism and occupational exposure to pesticides Occup. Environ. Med., September 1, 2001; 58(9): 582 - 589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Thiruchelvam, E. K. Richfield, R. B. Baggs, A. W. Tank, and D. A. Cory-Slechta The Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System as a Preferential Target of Repeated Exposures to Combined Paraquat and Maneb: Implications for Parkinson's Disease J. Neurosci., December 15, 2000; 20(24): 9207 - 9214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Pezzoli, M. Canesi, A. Antonini, A. Righini, L. Perbellini, M. Barichella, C. B. Mariani, F. Tenconi, S. Tesei, A. Zecchinelli, et al. Hydrocarbon exposure and Parkinson's disease Neurology, September 12, 2000; 55(5): 667 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Nicholl, P. Bennett, L. Hiller, V. Bonifati, N. Vanacore, G. Fabbrini, R. Marconi, C. Colosimo, P. Lamberti, F. Stocchi, et al. A study of five candidate genes in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders Neurology, October 22, 1999; 53(7): 1415 - 1415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.C. McCrone A case-control study of the health status of male farmers registered at Ash Tree House Surgery, Kirkham Lancashire Perspectives in Public Health, March 1, 1999; 119(1): 32 - 35. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Gorell, B. A. Rybicki, C. C. Johnson, and E. L. Peterson Smoking and Parkinson's disease: A dose-response relationship Neurology, January 1, 1999; 52(1): 115 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Manning-Bog, A. L. McCormack, J. Li, V. N. Uversky, A. L. Fink, and D. A. Di Monte The Herbicide Paraquat Causes Up-regulation and Aggregation of alpha -Synuclein in Mice. PARAQUAT AND alpha -SYNUCLEIN J. Biol. Chem., January 11, 2002; 277(3): 1641 - 1644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. W. Tedford, J. I. Fletcher, and G. F. King Functional Significance of the beta -Hairpin in the Insecticidal Neurotoxin omega -Atracotoxin-Hv1a J. Biol. Chem., July 6, 2001; 276(28): 26568 - 26576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
