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From the Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Drs. Harati and Gooch), Houston, TX; the University of Louisville (Dr. Swenson), Louisville, KY; the University of California at San Diego (Dr. Edelman), San Diego, CA the University of Michigan (Dr. Greene), Ann Arbor, MI; the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas (Dr. Raskin), Dallas, TX; the Bowman Gray School of Medicine (Dr. Donofrio), Winston-Salem, NC; Johns Hopkins Hospital (Dr. Cornblath), Baltimore, MD; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (Dr. Sachdeo), New Brunswick, NJ; and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical (Drs. Siu and Kamin), Raritan, NJ.
Address correspondence to and reprint requests to Dr. Harati, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030.
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tramadol in treating the pain of diabetic neuropathy.
Background The pain of diabetic neuropathy is a major cause of morbidity among these patients and treatment, as with other small-fiber neuropathies, is often unsatisfactory. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic for use in treating moderate to moderately severe pain.
Methods This multicenter, outpatient, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study consisted of a washoutlscreening phase, during which all analgesics were discontinued, and a 42-day double-blind treatment phase. A total of 131 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy were treated with tramadol (n = 65) or placebo (n = 66) tramadol, which were administered as identical capsules in divided doses four times daily. The primary efficacy analysis compared the mean pain intensity scores in the tramadol and placebo groups obtained at day 42 of the study or at the time of discontinuation. Secondary efficacy assessments were the pain relief rating scores and a quality of life evaluation based on daily activities and sleep characteristics.
Results Tramadol, at an average dosage of 210 mg/day, was significantly (p < 0.001) more effective than placebo for treating the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Patients in the tramadol group scored significantly better in physical (p = 0.02) and social functioning (p = 0.04) ratings than patients in the placebo group. No statistically significant treatment effects on sleep were identified. The most frequently occurring adverse events with tramadol were nausea, constipation, headache, and somnolence.
Conclusions The results of this placebo-controlled trial showed that tramadol was effective and safe in treating the pain of diabetic neuropathy.
Received March 16, 1998. Accepted in final form April 17, 1998.
Supported by a research grant from Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ.
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