Neurology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Correspondence:
Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when Correspondence are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bower, J. H.
Right arrow Articles by Rocca, W. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bower, J. H.
Right arrow Articles by Rocca, W. A.
Neurology 1999;52:1214
© 1999 American Academy of Neurology
Articles

Incidence and distribution of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976–1990

James H. Bower, MD, Demetrius M. Maraganore, MD, Shannon K. McDonnell, MS and Walter A. Rocca, MD, MPH

From the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Bower, Maraganore, and Rocca) and Health Sciences Research (Dr. Rocca and S.K. McDonnell), Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. James H. Bower, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905.

OBJECTIVE: Limited information is available on the frequency and distribution of parkinsonism as a syndrome. We studied the incidence of parkinsonism and its specific types among residents of Olmsted County, MN, for the period from 1976 through 1990.

METHODS: We used the medical records linkage-system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all individuals whose records contained documentation of any form of parkinsonism, related neurodegenerative diseases, or tremor of any type. A nurse abstractor screened the records, and, when applicable, a neurologist reviewed them to determine the presence of parkinsonism using specified diagnostic criteria and to define the year of onset.

RESULTS: We found 364 incident cases of parkinsonism: 154 with PD (42%), 72 with drug-induced parkinsonism (20%), 61 unspecified (17%), 51 with parkinsonism in dementia (14%), and 26 with other causes (7%). The average annual incidence rate of parkinsonism (per 100,000 person-years) in the age group 50 to 99 years was 114.7; incidence increased steeply with age from 0.8 in the age group 0 to 29 years to 304.8 in the age group 80 to 99 years. The cumulative incidence of parkinsonism assuming no competing causes of death was 7.5% to age 90 years. PD was the most common type of parkinsonism, followed by parkinsonism in dementia in men and drug-induced parkinsonism in women. Men had higher incidence than women at all ages for all types of parkinsonism except drug-induced.

CONCLUSIONS: Parkinsonism is a common disease among the elderly; its incidence increases steeply with advancing age and is consistently higher in men. The distribution by type changes with age and gender.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. Savica, J. M. Carlin, B. R. Grossardt, J. H. Bower, J. E. Ahlskog, D. M. Maraganore, A. E. Bharucha, and W. A. Rocca
Medical records documentation of constipation preceding Parkinson disease: A case-control study
Neurology, November 24, 2009; 73(21): 1752 - 1758.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. Savica, B. R. Grossardt, J. M. Carlin, M. Icen, J. H. Bower, J. E. Ahlskog, D. M. Maraganore, D. P. Steensma, and W. A. Rocca
Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: A case-control study
Neurology, October 27, 2009; 73(17): 1381 - 1387.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
J. Mitsui, I. Mizuta, A. Toyoda, R. Ashida, Y. Takahashi, J. Goto, Y. Fukuda, H. Date, A. Iwata, M. Yamamoto, et al.
Mutations for Gaucher Disease Confer High Susceptibility to Parkinson Disease
Arch Neurol, May 1, 2009; 66(5): 571 - 576.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
J. M. Bostwick, K. A. Hecksel, S. R. Stevens, J. H. Bower, and J. E. Ahlskog
Frequency of New-Onset Pathologic Compulsive Gambling or Hypersexuality After Drug Treatment of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
Mayo Clin. Proc., April 1, 2009; 84(4): 310 - 316.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. A. Driver, G. Logroscino, J. M. Gaziano, and T. Kurth
Incidence and remaining lifetime risk of Parkinson disease in advanced age
Neurology, February 3, 2009; 72(5): 432 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. A. Driver, T. Kurth, J. E. Buring, J. M. Gaziano, and G. Logroscino
Parkinson disease and risk of mortality: A prospective comorbidity-matched cohort study
Neurology, April 15, 2008; 70(16_Part_2): 1423 - 1430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L. Brighina, R. Frigerio, N. K. Schneider, T. G. Lesnick, M. de Andrade, J. M. Cunningham, M. J. Farrer, S. J. Lincoln, H. Checkoway, W. A. Rocca, et al.
{alpha}-Synuclein, pesticides, and Parkinson disease: A case-control study
Neurology, April 15, 2008; 70(16_Part_2): 1461 - 1469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
W. A. Rocca, J. H. Bower, D. M. Maraganore, J. E. Ahlskog, B. R. Grossardt, M. de Andrade, and L. J. Melton III
Increased risk of parkinsonism in women who underwent oophorectomy before menopause
Neurology, January 15, 2008; 70(3): 200 - 209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
G. Arabia, B. R. Grossardt, Y. E. Geda, J. M. Carlin, J. H. Bower, J. E. Ahlskog, D. M. Maraganore, and W. A. Rocca
Increased Risk of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Relatives of Patients With Parkinson Disease
Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 64(12): 1385 - 1392.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
W. A. Rocca, J. H. Bower, J. E. Ahlskog, A. Elbaz, B. R. Grossardt, S. K. McDonnell, D. J. Schaid, and D. M. Maraganore
Risk of Cognitive Impairment or Dementia in Relatives of Patients With Parkinson Disease
Arch Neurol, October 1, 2007; 64(10): 1458 - 1464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
B. Ritz, A. Ascherio, H. Checkoway, K. S. Marder, L. M. Nelson, W. A. Rocca, G. W. Ross, D. Strickland, S. K. Van Den Eeden, and J. Gorell
Pooled Analysis of Tobacco Use and Risk of Parkinson Disease
Arch Neurol, July 1, 2007; 64(7): 990 - 997.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
D. Z. Uslan, S. J. Crane, J. M. Steckelberg, F. R. Cockerill III, J. L. St. Sauver, W. R. Wilson, and L. M. Baddour
Age- and Sex-Associated Trends in Bloodstream Infection: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Arch Intern Med, April 23, 2007; 167(8): 834 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
D. Z. Uslan, M. R. Sohail, J. L. St. Sauver, P. A. Friedman, D. L. Hayes, S. M. Stoner, W. R. Wilson, J. M. Steckelberg, and L. M. Baddour
Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Infection: A Population-Based Study
Arch Intern Med, April 9, 2007; 167(7): 669 - 675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
D. Hirtz, D. J. Thurman, K. Gwinn-Hardy, M. Mohamed, A. R. Chaudhuri, and R. Zalutsky
How common are the "common" neurologic disorders?
Neurology, January 30, 2007; 68(5): 326 - 337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
G Logroscino, H D Sesso, R S Paffenbarger Jr, and I-M Lee
Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, December 1, 2006; 77(12): 1318 - 1322.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
D. M. Maraganore, M. de Andrade, A. Elbaz, M. J. Farrer, J. P. Ioannidis, R. Kruger, W. A. Rocca, N. K. Schneider, T. G. Lesnick, S. J. Lincoln, et al.
Collaborative analysis of alpha-synuclein gene promoter variability and Parkinson disease.
JAMA, August 9, 2006; 296(6): 661 - 670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. H. Bower, D. M. Maraganore, B. J. Peterson, J. E. Ahlskog, and W. A. Rocca
Immunologic diseases, anti-inflammatory drugs, and Parkinson disease: A case-control study
Neurology, August 8, 2006; 67(3): 494 - 496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
K. J. Klos, J. E. Ahlskog, K. A. Josephs, H. Apaydin, J. E. Parisi, B. F. Boeve, M. W. DeLucia, and D. W. Dickson
{alpha}-Synuclein pathology in the spinal cords of neurologically asymptomatic aged individuals
Neurology, April 11, 2006; 66(7): 1100 - 1102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
I. Mizuta, W. Satake, Y. Nakabayashi, C. Ito, S. Suzuki, Y. Momose, Y. Nagai, A. Oka, H. Inoko, J. Fukae, et al.
Multiple candidate gene analysis identifies {alpha}-synuclein as a susceptibility gene for sporadic Parkinson's disease
Hum. Mol. Genet., April 1, 2006; 15(7): 1151 - 1158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
P H Lee, J S Kim, D H Shin, S-N Yoon, and K Huh
Cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in patients with drug induced parkinsonism
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 77(3): 372 - 374.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
J. A. Van Gerpen, N. Kumar, J. H. Bower, S. Weigand, and J. E. Ahlskog
Levodopa-Associated Dyskinesia Risk Among Parkinson Disease Patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976-1990
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2006; 63(2): 205 - 209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
C. E. Glatt, A. D. Wahner, D. J. White, A. Ruiz-Linares, and B. Ritz
Gain-of-function haplotypes in the vesicular monoamine transporter promoter are protective for Parkinson disease in women
Hum. Mol. Genet., January 15, 2006; 15(2): 299 - 305.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
R. M. Miller and H. J. Federoff
Altered Gene Expression Profiles Reveal Similarities and Differences Between Parkinson Disease and Model Systems
Neuroscientist, December 1, 2005; 11(6): 539 - 549.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. Frigerio, A. Elbaz, K. R. Sanft, B. J. Peterson, J. H. Bower, J. E. Ahlskog, B. R. Grossardt, M. de Andrade, D. M. Maraganore, and W. A. Rocca
Education and occupations preceding Parkinson disease: A population-based case-control study
Neurology, November 22, 2005; 65(10): 1575 - 1583.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
M. Farrer, J. Stone, I. F. Mata, S. Lincoln, J. Kachergus, M. Hulihan, K. J. Strain, and D. M. Maraganore
LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson disease
Neurology, September 13, 2005; 65(5): 738 - 740.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
J. G. Nutt and G. F. Wooten
Diagnosis and Initial Management of Parkinson's Disease
N. Engl. J. Med., September 8, 2005; 353(10): 1021 - 1027.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. A. Popat, S. K. Van Den Eeden, C. M. Tanner, V. McGuire, A. L. Bernstein, D. A. Bloch, A. Leimpeter, and L. M. Nelson
Effect of reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use on the risk of Parkinson disease
Neurology, August 9, 2005; 65(3): 383 - 390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L. M.L. de Lau, P. C.L.M. Giesbergen, M. C. de Rijk, A. Hofman, P. J. Koudstaal, and M. M.B. Breteler
Incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in a general population: The Rotterdam Study
Neurology, October 12, 2004; 63(7): 1240 - 1244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
J. G. Goldman, C. G. Goetz, E. Berry-Kravis, S. Leurgans, and L. Zhou
Genetic Polymorphisms in Parkinson Disease Subjects With and Without Hallucinations: An Analysis of the Cholecystokinin System
Arch Neurol, August 1, 2004; 61(8): 1280 - 1284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L. C.S. Tan, N. Venketasubramanian, C. Y. Hong, S. Sahadevan, J. J. Chin, E. S. Krishnamoorthy, A. K.Y. Tan, and S. M. Saw
Prevalence of Parkinson disease in Singapore: Chinese vs Malays vs Indians
Neurology, June 8, 2004; 62(11): 1999 - 2004.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
P. Ragonese, M. D'Amelio, G. Salemi, P. Aridon, M. Gammino, A. Epifanio, L. Morgante, and G. Savettieri
Risk of Parkinson disease in women: Effect of reproductive characteristics
Neurology, June 8, 2004; 62(11): 2010 - 2014.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
G F Wooten, L J Currie, V E Bovbjerg, J K Lee, and J Patrie
Are men at greater risk for Parkinson's disease than women?
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, April 1, 2004; 75(4): 637 - 639.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
H. Chen, S. M. Zhang, M. A. Schwarzschild, M. A. Hernan, W. C. Willett, and A. Ascherio
Obesity and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2004; 159(6): 547 - 555.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. Benito-Leon, F. Bermejo-Pareja, J. M. Morales-Gonzalez, J. Porta-Etessam, R. Trincado, S. Vega, and E. D. Louis
Incidence of Parkinson disease and parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain
Neurology, March 9, 2004; 62(5): 734 - 741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
T. Foltynie, C. E. G. Brayne, T. W. Robbins, and R. A. Barker
The cognitive ability of an incident cohort of Parkinson's patients in the UK. The CamPaIGN study
Brain, March 1, 2004; 127(3): 550 - 560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
A. Elbaz, S.K. McDonnell, D.M. Maraganore, K.J. Strain, D.J. Schaid, J.H. Bower, J.E. Ahlskog, and W.A. Rocca
Validity of family history data on PD: Evidence for a family information bias
Neurology, July 8, 2003; 61(1): 11 - 17.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
S. K. Van Den Eeden, C. M. Tanner, A. L. Bernstein, R. D. Fross, A. Leimpeter, D. A. Bloch, and L. M. Nelson
Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: Variation by Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity
Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2003; 157(11): 1015 - 1022.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. H. Bower, D. M. Maraganore, B. J. Peterson, S. K. McDonnell, J. E. Ahlskog, and W. A. Rocca
Head trauma preceding PD: A case-control study
Neurology, May 27, 2003; 60(10): 1610 - 1615.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
B.M. Ravina, S.C. Fagan, R.G. Hart, C.A. Hovinga, D.D. Murphy, T.M. Dawson, and J.R. Marler
Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in Parkinson's disease: A systematic assessment
Neurology, April 22, 2003; 60(8): 1234 - 1240.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
A. Ascherio, H. Chen, M.A. Schwarzschild, S.M. Zhang, G.A. Colditz, and F.E. Speizer
Caffeine, postmenopausal estrogen, and risk of Parkinson's disease
Neurology, March 11, 2003; 60(5): 790 - 795.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
C. Levecque, A. Elbaz, J. Clavel, F. Richard, J.-S. Vidal, P. Amouyel, C. Tzourio, A. Alperovitch, and M.-C. Chartier-Harlin
Association between Parkinson's disease and polymorphisms in the nNOS and iNOS genes in a community-based case-control study
Hum. Mol. Genet., January 1, 2003; 12(1): 79 - 86.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
A. Elbaz, J. H. Bower, B. J. Peterson, D. M. Maraganore, S. K. McDonnell, J. E. Ahlskog, D. J. Schaid, and W. A. Rocca
Survival Study of Parkinson Disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Arch Neurol, January 1, 2003; 60(1): 91 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
B. Kis, A. Schrag, Y. Ben-Shlomo, C. Klein, A. Gasperi, F. Spoegler, R. Schoenhuber, and P. P. Pramstaller
Novel three-stage ascertainment method: Prevalence of PD and parkinsonism in South Tyrol, Italy
Neurology, June 25, 2002; 58(12): 1820 - 1825.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. C. Chen, S. F. Chang, C. L. Su, T. H. H. Chen, M. F. Yen, H. M. Wu, Z. Y. Chen, and H. H. Liou
Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of PD: A door-to-door survey in Ilan County, Taiwan
Neurology, November 13, 2001; 57(9): 1679 - 1686.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
W.A. Rocca, J.H. Bower, S.K. McDonnell, B.J. Peterson, and D.M. Maraganore
Time trends in the incidence of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Neurology, August 14, 2001; 57(3): 462 - 467.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
M. D. Benedetti, J. H. Bower, D. M. Maraganore, S. K. McDonnell, B. J. Peterson, J. E. Ahlskog, D. J. Schaid, and W. A. Rocca
Smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption preceding Parkinson's disease: A case-control study
Neurology, November 14, 2000; 55(9): 1350 - 1358.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
M. Baldereschi, A. Di Carlo, W. A. Rocca, P. Vanni, S. Maggi, E. Perissinotto, F. Grigoletto, L. Amaducci, and D. Inzitari
Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: Two-fold higher incidence in men
Neurology, November 14, 2000; 55(9): 1358 - 1363.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
D. M. Maraganore, M. J. Farrer, J. A. Hardy, S. J. Lincoln, S. K. McDonnell, and W. A. Rocca
Case-control study of the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 gene in Parkinson's disease
Neurology, November 1, 1999; 53(8): 1858 - 1858.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
D. M. Maraganore, D. W. Anderson, J. H. Bower, S. K. McDonnell, and W. A. Rocca
Autopsy patterns for Parkinson's disease and related disorders in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Neurology, October 1, 1999; 53(6): 1342 - 1342.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 1999 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.