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From the Departments of Neurology (S. Kim, S.M. Liva, M.A. Dalal, and Dr. Voskuhl) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Neuropathology (Dr. Verity), University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, CA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Rhonda R. Voskuhl, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, Reed Neurological Research Center, Room A145, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of estriol in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and other cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
BACKGROUND: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease that is a useful model for the study of immune responses in MS. Interestingly, both EAE and MS have been shown to be ameliorated during late pregnancy.
METHODS: Estriol, progesterone, and placebo pellets were implanted in mice during the effector phase of adoptive EAE. Disease scores were compared between treatment groups, and autoantigen-specific humoral and cellular responses were examined.
RESULTS: Estriol treatment reduced the severity of EAE significantly compared with placebo treatment whereas progesterone treatment had no effect. Estriol doses that induced serum estriol levels that approximated estriol levels during late pregnancy were capable of ameliorating disease. Estriol-treated EAE mice had significantly higher levels of serum antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 isotype specific for the autoantigen myelin basic protein (MBP). Further, MBP-specific T-lymphocyte responses from estriol-treated EAE mice were characterized by significantly increased production of the Th2 cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). T lymphocytes were shown to be the primary source of IL-10 within antigen-stimulated splenocyte populations.
CONCLUSIONS: Estriol as a hormone involved in immune changes during pregnancy may provide a basis for the novel therapeutic use of estriol for MS and other putative Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases that improve during late pregnancy.
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