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Silent functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates focal activation in rapid eye movement sleep

From the Departments of Radiology (Drs. Lövblad, Jakob, Edelman, and Warach, and M. Griswold) and Neurology (Drs. Lövbland, Thomas, Scammell, Matheson, and Warach, and J. Ives), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Departments of Neuroradiology (Dr. Lövblad) and Neurology (Dr. Bassetti), University of Bern, Switzerland; and the Stroke Branch (Dr. Warach), Section on Stroke Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Karl Olof Lövblad, Department of Neuroradiology C 212, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, CH 3010 Bern, Switzerland; e-mail: loevk{at}insel.ch

Functional imaging of human sleep has been performed with nuclear medicine methods, but MRI has been difficult to implement, in part because of the noise associated with echo-planar imaging as well as the difficulty in reading physiologic signals in the MRI environment. We describe a silent MR sequence that can record brain activation over many hours with simultaneous acquisition of an EEG. This shows activation of occipital cortex and deactivation of frontal cortex during REM sleep, in agreement with previous studies using other techniques.

Key words: Functional imaging—MRI—Sleep—REM sleep.

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