| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology (Dr. Paulsen), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Psychiatry (Drs. Salmon, Grant, Jeste, and R. Romero) and Neurosciences (Drs. Salmon, Thal, Weisstein-Jenkins, Galasko, Hofstetter, Thomas, and Jeste), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine; and the San Diego Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Drs. Galasko, Grant, and Jeste).
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Jane S. Paulsen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive #2880 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242-1057; e-mail: jane-paulsen{at}uiowa.edu
OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of and risk factors for hallucinations and delusions associated with patients clinically diagnosed with probable AD.
BACKGROUND: Estimates of the incidence of psychosis in AD range widely from 10% to 75%. The risk factors for psychosis of AD are not known, although multiple studies indicate that AD patients with psychosis demonstrate greater cognitive and functional impairment.
METHODS: The authors conducted psychiatric evaluations of 329 patients with probable AD from the University of California at San Diego Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center to determine the incidence of hallucinations and delusions. They examined data from annual clinical and neuropsychological evaluations to determine whether there were specific risk factors for the development of hallucinations and delusions.
RESULTS: Using Cox survival analyses, the cumulative incidence of hallucinations and delusions was 20.1% at 1 year, 36.1% at 2, 49.5% at 3, and 51.3% at 4 years. Parkinsonian gait, bradyphrenia, exaggerated general cognitive decline, and exaggerated semantic memory decline were significant predictors. Age, education, and gender were not significant predictors.
CONCLUSIONS: The authors found a relatively high incidence of hallucinations and delusions in patients diagnosed with probable AD and suggest that specific neurologic signs, cognitive abilities, and accelerated decline may be predictive markers for their occurrence.
Key words: Dementia—Delusions—Hallucinations—Frontal lobes—Neuropsychology—Schizophrenia.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. J. Jalbert, L. A. Daiello, and K. L. Lapane Dementia of the Alzheimer Type Epidemiol. Rev., November 1, 2008; 30(1): 15 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Rosenheck, D. L. Leslie, J. L. Sindelar, E. A. Miller, P. N. Tariot, K. S. Dagerman, S. M. Davis, B. D. Lebowitz, P. Rabins, J. K. Hsiao, et al. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Placebo in a Randomized Trial of the Treatment of Psychosis and Aggression in Alzheimer Disease Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 2007; 64(11): 1259 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Meagher and P. T. Trzepacz Phenomenological Distinctions Needed in DSM-V: Delirium, Subsyndromal Delirium, and Dementias J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, November 1, 2007; 19(4): 468 - 470. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Aalten, J. Jolles, M. E. de Vugt, and F. R.J. Verhey The Influence of Neuropsychological Functioning on Neuropsychiatric Problems in Dementia J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2007; 19(1): 50 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. Beier Pharmacotherapy for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the elderly Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., January 15, 2007; 64(2_Supplement_1): S9 - S17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Livingston, A E Walker, C L E Katona, and C Cooper Antipsychotics and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: the LASER-Alzheimer's disease longitudinal study J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2007; 78(1): 25 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. S. Schneider, P. N. Tariot, K. S. Dagerman, S. M. Davis, J. K. Hsiao, M. S. Ismail, B. D. Lebowitz, C. G. Lyketsos, J. M. Ryan, T. S. Stroup, et al. Effectiveness of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. N. Engl. J. Med., October 12, 2006; 355(15): 1525 - 1538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. V. Jeste, T. W. Meeks, D. S. Kim, and G. S. Zubenko Research Agenda for DSM-V: Diagnostic Categories and Criteria for Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Dementia J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2006; 19(3): 160 - 171. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Ropacki and D. V. Jeste Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Psychosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of 55 Studies Published From 1990 to 2003 Am J Psychiatry, November 1, 2005; 162(11): 2022 - 2030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Scarmeas, J. Brandt, M. Albert, G. Hadjigeorgiou, A. Papadimitriou, B. Dubois, M. Sarazin, D. Devanand, L. Honig, K. Marder, et al. Delusions and Hallucinations Are Associated With Worse Outcome in Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, October 1, 2005; 62(10): 1601 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Swanberg, R. E. Tractenberg, R. Mohs, L. J. Thal, and J. L. Cummings Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, April 1, 2004; 61(4): 556 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Mintzer and S. D. Targum Psychosis in Elderly Patients: Classification and Pharmacotherapy J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2003; 16(4): 199 - 206. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Caligiuri, G. Peavy, D. P. Salmon, D. R. Galasko, and L. J. Thal Neuromotor abnormalities and risk for psychosis in Alzheimer's disease Neurology, October 14, 2003; 61(7): 954 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Bassiony and C. G. Lyketsos Delusions and Hallucinations in Alzheimer's Disease: Review of the Brain Decade Psychosomatics, October 1, 2003; 44(5): 388 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. L. Lopez, J. T. Becker, R. A. Sweet, W. Klunk, D. I. Kaufer, J. Saxton, M. Habeych, and S. T. DeKosky Psychiatric Symptoms Vary With the Severity of Dementia in Probable Alzheimer's Disease J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2003; 15(3): 346 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Sultzer, C. V. Brown, M. A. Mandelkern, M. E. Mahler, M. F. Mendez, S. T. Chen, and J. L. Cummings Delusional Thoughts and Regional Frontal/Temporal Cortex Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease Am J Psychiatry, February 1, 2003; 160(2): 341 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. W. Palmer, M. W. Bondi, E. W. Twamley, L. Thal, S. Golshan, and D. V. Jeste Are Late-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Neurodegenerative Conditions? Annual Rates of Change on Two Dementia Measures J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2003; 15(1): 45 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. LAWLOR Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia The British Journal of Psychiatry, December 1, 2002; 181(6): 463 - 465. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Tractenberg, M. F. Weiner, M. B. Patterson, A. Gamst, and L. J. Thai Emergent Psychopathology in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Over 12 Months Associated with Functional, Not Cognitive, Changes J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, June 1, 2002; 15(2): 110 - 117. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Sweet, M. I. Kamboh, S. R. Wisniewski, O. L. Lopez, W. E. Klunk, D. I. Kaufer, and S. T. DeKosky Apolipoprotein E and Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin Genotypes Do Not Predict Time to Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, April 1, 2002; 15(1): 24 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Sweet, V. L. Nimgaonkar, B. Devlin, O. L. Lopez, and S. T. DeKosky Increased familial risk of the psychotic phenotype of Alzheimer disease Neurology, March 26, 2002; 58(6): 907 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Pollock, B. H. Mulsant, J. Rosen, R. A. Sweet, S. Mazumdar, A. Bharucha, R. Marin, N. J. Jacob, K. A. Huber, K. B. Kastango, et al. Comparison of Citalopram, Perphenazine, and Placebo for the Acute Treatment of Psychosis and Behavioral Disturbances in Hospitalized, Demented Patients Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 2002; 159(3): 460 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Harding, G. A. Broe, and G. M. Halliday Visual hallucinations in Lewy body disease relate to Lewy bodies in the temporal lobe Brain, February 1, 2002; 125(2): 391 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Liken Managing Transitions and Placement of Caring for a Relative With Alzheimer's Disease Home Health Care Management Practice, December 1, 2001; 14(1): 31 - 39. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Rozzini, A. Padovani, B. Borroni, M. Trabucchi, J. S. Paulsen, B. M. Turner, L. J. Thal, D. V. Jeste, and I. Grant Incidence of and risk factors for hallucinations and delusions in patients with probable AD Neurology, October 24, 2000; 55(8): 1240 - 1241. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
