| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Department of Neurology (Dr. Kawas) and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (Drs. Kawas and Brookmeyer), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, Cognition Section (Dr. Kawas), Laboratory of Clinical Investigation (Dr. Fozard), and Laboratory of Personality and Cognition (Dr. Zonderman), NIA, NIH, Baltimore; and the Department of Biostatistics (Drs. Gray and Brookmeyer), Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Claudia Kawas, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 1B.82, Baltimore, MD 21224.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate age-specific incidence rates of AD in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).
BACKGROUND: The BLSA is a volunteer cohort of normal subjects followed longitudinally with biennial evaluations at the Gerontology Research Center of the National Institute on Aging.
METHODS: Subjects are 1236 participants (802 men, 434 women) in the BLSA with longitudinal follow-up between January 1985 and May 1998. The average length of follow-up was 7.5 years, with participants evaluated every 2 years by physical, neurologic, and neuropsychological examinations. Using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., revised and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria, the authors diagnosed dementia and AD.
RESULTS: The authors diagnosed 155 cases of dementia, of which 114 (74%) were AD. Incidence rates of AD increased with age from an estimated 0.08% per year (95% CI 0.00 to 0.43) in the 60 to 65 age group to an estimated 6.48% per year (95% CI 5.01 to 8.38) in the 85+ age group for men and women combined. The doubling time of incidence rates was estimated to be approximately 4.4 years and the median time of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to diagnosis of AD was estimated to be 4.4 years. There was a trend for women to have higher incidence rates than men and for fewer years of education to be associated with higher incidence rates; however, these effects were not significant.
CONCLUSION: Incidence rates for AD in the BLSA are consistent with published rates in other studies. The longitudinally followed subjects of the BLSA offer a unique opportunity to prospectively investigate the antecedents of AD.
Key words: AD—Incidence—Incidence rates—Dementia.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. C. Rice, A. B. Zonderman, E. J. Metter, S. S. Najjar, and S. R. Waldstein Absence of Relation Between Depressive Symptoms and Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Psychosom Med, January 1, 2009; 71(1): 70 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Beydoun, A. Lhotsky, Y. Wang, G. D. Forno, Y. An, E. J. Metter, L. Ferrucci, R. O'Brien, and A. B. Zonderman Association of Adiposity Status and Changes in Early to Mid-Adulthood With Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2008; 168(10): 1179 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Sojkova, L. Beason-Held, Y. Zhou, Y. An, M. A. Kraut, W. Ye, L. Ferrucci, C. A. Mathis, W. E. Klunk, D. F. Wong, et al. Longitudinal Cerebral Blood Flow and Amyloid Deposition: An Emerging Pattern? J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 1465 - 1471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Szekely, R. C. Green, J.C.S. Breitner, T. Ostbye, A. S. Beiser, M. M. Corrada, H. H. Dodge, M. Ganguli, C. H. Kawas, L. H. Kuller, et al. No advantage of A{beta}42-lowering NSAIDs for prevention of Alzheimer dementia in six pooled cohort studies Neurology, June 10, 2008; 70(24): 2291 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. C. Buter, A. van den Hout, F. E. Matthews, J. P. Larsen, C. Brayne, and D. Aarsland Dementia and survival in Parkinson disease: A 12-year population study Neurology, March 25, 2008; 70(13): 1017 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Waldstein, S. C. Rice, J. F. Thayer, S. S. Najjar, A. Scuteri, and A. B. Zonderman Pulse Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Are Related to Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Hypertension, January 1, 2008; 51(1): 99 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-F. Y. Lu, M. G. Austrom, S. M. Perkins, T. Bakas, M. R. Farlow, Feng He, Shelia Jin, and A. Gamst Depressed Mood in Informal Caregivers of Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, September 1, 2007; 22(4): 273 - 285. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.-H. Tsai, S.-P. Chen, K.-N. Lin, P.-N. Wang, H.-C. Wang, C.-Y. Liu, C.-J. Hong, and H.-C. Liu Survival of Ethnic Chinese With Alzheimer's Disease: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study in Taiwan J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2007; 20(3): 172 - 177. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. L. Beason-Held, A. Moghekar, A. B. Zonderman, M. A. Kraut, and S. M. Resnick Longitudinal Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in the Older Hypertensive Brain Stroke, June 1, 2007; 38(6): 1766 - 1773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hirtz, D. J. Thurman, K. Gwinn-Hardy, M. Mohamed, A. R. Chaudhuri, and R. Zalutsky How common are the "common" neurologic disorders? Neurology, January 30, 2007; 68(5): 326 - 337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Fischer, S. Jungwirth, S. Zehetmayer, S. Weissgram, S. Hoenigschnabl, E. Gelpi, W. Krampla, and K. H. Tragl Conversion from subtypes of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer dementia Neurology, January 23, 2007; 68(4): 288 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Vellas, S. Andrieu, P. J. Ousset, M. Ouzid, H. Mathiex-Fortunet, and for the GuidAge Study Group The GuidAge study: Methodological issues. A 5-year double-blind randomized trial of the efficacy of EGb 761(R) for prevention of Alzheimer disease in patients over 70 with a memory complaint. Neurology, November 14, 2006; 67(9 Suppl 3): S6 - S11. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Rettmann, M. A. Kraut, J. L. Prince, and S. M. Resnick Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Anatomical Sulcal Changes Associated with Aging Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2006; 16(11): 1584 - 1594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gamaldo, A. Moghekar, S. Kilada, S. M. Resnick, A. B. Zonderman, and R. O'Brien Effect of a clinical stroke on the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort Neurology, October 24, 2006; 67(8): 1363 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Zonderman Predicting Alzheimer's Disease in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2005; 18(4): 192 - 195. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Hall, J. Verghese, M. Sliwinski, Z. Chen, M. Katz, C. Derby, and R. B. Lipton Dementia incidence may increase more slowly after age 90: Results from the Bronx Aging Study Neurology, September 27, 2005; 65(6): 882 - 886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. W. Baum Sex, Hormones, and Alzheimer's Disease J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2005; 60(6): 736 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Waldstein, P. P. Giggey, J. F. Thayer, and A. B. Zonderman Nonlinear Relations of Blood Pressure to Cognitive Function: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Hypertension, March 1, 2005; 45(3): 374 - 379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Moffat, A. B. Zonderman, E. J. Metter, C. Kawas, M. R. Blackman, S. M. Harman, and S. M. Resnick Free testosterone and risk for Alzheimer disease in older men Neurology, January 27, 2004; 62(2): 188 - 193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Hardie, P. S. Bakke, and O. Morkve Non-response bias in a postal questionnaire survey on respiratory health in the old and very old Scand J Public Health, December 1, 2003; 31(6): 411 - 417. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Yesavage, L. Friedman, S. Ancoli-Israel, D. Bliwise, C. Singer, M. V. Vitiello, A. A. Monjan, and B. Lebowitz Development of Diagnostic Criteria for Defining Sleep Disturbance in Alzheimer's Disease J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2003; 16(3): 131 - 139. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Hebert, P. A. Scherr, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Bennett, and D. A. Evans Alzheimer Disease in the US Population: Prevalence Estimates Using the 2000 Census Arch Neurol, August 1, 2003; 60(8): 1119 - 1122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V Thijs, W Robberecht, R De Vos, and R Sciot Coexistence of CADASIL and Alzheimer's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2003; 74(6): 790 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Resnick, D. L. Pham, M. A. Kraut, A. B. Zonderman, and C. Davatzikos Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain J. Neurosci., April 15, 2003; 23(8): 3295 - 3301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.H. Kawas, M.M. Corrada, R. Brookmeyer, A. Morrison, S.M. Resnick, A.B. Zonderman, and D. Arenberg Visual memory predicts Alzheimer's disease more than a decade before diagnosis Neurology, April 8, 2003; 60(7): 1089 - 1093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Clark and J. H.T. Karlawish Alzheimer Disease: Current Concepts and Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies Ann Intern Med, March 4, 2003; 138(5): 400 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Evert, E. Lawler, H. Bogan, and T. Perls Morbidity Profiles of Centenarians: Survivors, Delayers, and Escapers J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2003; 58(3): M232 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lamar, S. M. Resnick, and A. B. Zonderman Longitudinal changes in verbal memory in older adults: Distinguishing the effects of age from repeat testing Neurology, January 14, 2003; 60(1): 82 - 86. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Kukull, R. Higdon, J. D. Bowen, W. C. McCormick, L. Teri, G. D. Schellenberg, G. van Belle, L. Jolley, and E. B. Larson Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Incidence: A Prospective Cohort Study Arch Neurol, November 1, 2002; 59(11): 1737 - 1746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Brookmeyer, M. M. Corrada, F. C. Curriero, and C. Kawas Survival Following a Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, November 1, 2002; 59(11): 1764 - 1767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Y. Chan A New Hypothesis (Concept) of Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2002; 57(10): M645 - 647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Edland, W. A. Rocca, R. C. Petersen, R. H. Cha, and E. Kokmen Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Incidence Rates Do Not Vary by Sex in Rochester, Minn Arch Neurol, October 1, 2002; 59(10): 1589 - 1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Marquis, M. M. Moore, D. B. Howieson, G. Sexton, H. Payami, J. A. Kaye, and R. Camicioli Independent Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Healthy Elderly Persons Arch Neurol, April 1, 2002; 59(4): 601 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Miech, J. C.S. Breitner, P. P. Zandi, A. S. Khachaturian, J. C. Anthony, and L. Mayer Incidence of AD may decline in the early 90s for men, later for women: The Cache County study Neurology, January 22, 2002; 58(2): 209 - 218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Kawas and R. Brookmeyer Aging and the Public Health Effects of Dementia N. Engl. J. Med., April 12, 2001; 344(15): 1160 - 1161. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.L. Lapane, G. Gambassi, F. Landi, A. Sgadari, V. Mor, and R. Bernabei Gender differences in predictors of mortality in nursing home residents with AD Neurology, March 13, 2001; 56(5): 650 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
