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From the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Ernst, Chang, and Leonido–Yee) and Radiology (Drs. Ernst and Speck), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thomas Ernst, Department of Radiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, N-11, Torrance, CA 90502; e-mail: Ernst{at}afp76.humc.edu
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether proton MRS (1H MRS) can detect long-term metabolite abnormalities in abstinent methamphetamine users.
BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine is toxic to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in rodents; however, little data are available on the toxic effects of methamphetamine on the human brain.
METHODS: 1H MRS was performed in 26 abstinent methamphetamine abusers with a history of methamphetamine dependence (median total cumulative lifetime exposure, 3,640 g; median recency of last methamphetamine use, 4.25 months) and 24 healthy subjects without a history of drug abuse. Cerebral metabolite concentrations on 1H MRS were measured in the frontal cortex, frontal white matter, and basal ganglia.
RESULTS: The concentration of N-acetylaspartate ([NA]), a neuronal marker, was reduced significantly (-5 to -6%) in the basal ganglia and frontal white matter of methamphetamine users compared with control subjects. The frontal white matter [NA] correlated inversely with the logarithm of the lifetime methamphetamine use. The methamphetamine users also showed significantly reduced total creatine in the basal ganglia (-8%), and increased choline-containing compounds ([CHO], +13%) and myo-inositol ([MI], +11%) in the frontal grey matter.
CONCLUSIONS: The reduced [NA] on 1H MRS provides evidence for long-term neuronal damage in abstinent methamphetamine users.
Key words: MRI—Magnetic resonance spectroscopy—Brain—Metabolism—Methamphetamine—Neuronal loss.
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