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From the Department of Radiology (Drs. Yamada, Muramoto, Ishii, and Itoh, and M. Tanaka), Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Kimura), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (Dr. Yonekura), Fukui Medical University, Fukui; Psychophysiology Section (Dr. Sadato), Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki; and Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Konishi), Saitama Medical School, Saitama, Japan.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Hiroki Yamada, Department of Radiology, Fukui Medical University, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Yoshida, Fukui, 910-11, Japan; e-mail: yamadahi{at}fmsrsa.fukui-med.ac.jp
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between cerebral cortical function and white matter myelination in the visual pathway in the evaluation of normal brain development.
METHODS: The authors performed quantitative analysis of white matter myelination detected with conventional T1-weighted spin echo (SE) MRI and brain functional MRI (fMRI) using echoplanar imaging with photic stimulation in 27 neurologically normal infants (age range, 0 to 22 weeks).
RESULTS: An age-dependent gradual increase in signal intensity was observed in optic radiation on the T1-weighted SE images, indicating progression of white matter myelination. A rapid age-dependent reverse in signal response was observed on fMRI. Infants older than 8 weeks showed a stimulus-induced signal decrease in the visual cortex, whereas infants younger than 7 weeks showed a signal increase.
CONCLUSIONS: A rapid inversion of response revealed by fMRI with photic stimulation in infants suggests a change in oxygen consumption during neuronal activation, which is related to rapid synapse formation and accompanying increased metabolism. fMRI can detect dynamic metabolic changes during brain maturation, which is a different developmental process from white matter myelination. The metabolic changes detected by fMRI provide a milestone for the evaluation of normal brain development.
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