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From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Mungas, Jagust, and Reed), School of Medicine University of California, Davis; Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System (Drs. Mungas, Jagust, and Reed); Departments of Psychiatry (Drs. Kramer and Weiner), and Radiology (Drs. Weiner, Schuff, and Norman), School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Magnetic Resonance Unit (Drs. Weiner and Schuff), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco; Departments of Preventive Medicine (Dr. Mack) and Neurology (Dr. Chui), School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Independent Practice (Dr. Willis), Thousand Oaks, CA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Dan Mungas, Department of Neurology, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817; e-mail: dmmungas{at}ucdavis.edu
Background: Causes of cognitive impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) are less well understood than in AD, but have been thought to result from direct effects of subcortical lacunes and white matter lesions, perhaps related to disruption of important cortical–subcortical pathways.
Objective: To examine the relation between cognitive abilities and quantitative MRI measures of subcortical cerebrovascular disease and cortical and hippocampal atrophy.
Methods: Subjects were 157 participants in a multicenter study of SIVD and AD who included cognitively normal, cognitively impaired, and demented individuals with and without subcortical lacunar infarcts. Dependent variables were neuropsychological tests of global cognitive function, memory, language, and executive function. Independent variables were quantitative MRI measures of volume of lacunar infarcts in specific subcortical structures, volume of white matter lesion (WML), volume of cortical gray matter (cGM), and total hippocampal volume (HV). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify MRI predictors of cognition.
Results: Subcortical lacunes were not related to cognitive measures independent of effects of other MRI variables. WML was independently related to selected, timed measures. HV and cGM were strong and independent predictors of cognitive variables, with effects that did not differ in subjects with and without subcortical lacunes.
Conclusions: Results suggest that cognitive impairment associated with subcortical ischemic vascular disease is primarily a result of associated hippocampal and cortical changes.
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