| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From The MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Torben L. Sørensen, The MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; e-mail: torbenls{at}dadlnet.dk
Background: — Chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines, have been implicated in active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). However, the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors has not been specifically studied in secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
Methods: — Fifteen patients with SPMS, 15 patients with relapses of RRMS, 10 patients with RRMS in remission, and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. The expression of CC chemokine receptor 1(CCR1), CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CXC chemokine receptor 3(CXCR3) was studied on leukocyte subsets using flow cytometry, and the cytokine profile of T cells expressing CCR2 and CCR5 was determined. The authors also studied the effect of treatment with interferon-ß-1b on the expression of chemokine receptors in SPMS.
Results: — The authors found a significantly higher percentage of CCR2-expressing T cells in SPMS than in the other patients groups. CCR2-positive T cells produced high levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and low levels of tumor necrosis factor 
, indicating a T-helper type 2 (Th2)/T-cytotoxic type 2 (Tc2) profile of these cells. The expression of CCR5, a chemokine receptor associated with Th1 responses, was significantly lower in SPMS than in patients with active RRMS. Interferon (IFN) ß-1b treatment in SPMS did not alter chemokine receptor expression in SPMS.
Conclusion: — The authors find qualitative differences in the systemic inflammatory response in RRMS and SPMS, indicating a distinct inflammatory environment in SPMS. Chemokine receptor expression in SPMS did not change after treatment with IFNß-1b. It remains to be established if these findings reflect differences between RRMS and SPMS in effector or regulatory mechanisms.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Z. Miao, B. A. Premack, Z. Wei, Y. Wang, C. Gerard, H. Showell, M. Howard, T. J. Schall, and R. Berahovich Proinflammatory Proteases Liberate a Discrete High-Affinity Functional FPRL1 (CCR12) Ligand from CCL23 J. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 178(11): 7395 - 7404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C A B. Hashemi, Y C. Zang, J A Arbona, J A Bauerle, M L Frazer, H Lee, L Flury, E S Moore, M C Kolar, R Y Washington, et al. Serum immunologic markers in multiple sclerosis patients on continuous combined therapy with beta-interferon 1a, prednisone and azathioprine Multiple Sclerosis, September 1, 2006; 12(5): 652 - 658. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Rinaldi, P. Gallo, M. Calabrese, F. Ranzato, D. Luise, D. Colavito, M. Motta, A. Guglielmo, E. Del Giudice, C. Romualdi, et al. Longitudinal analysis of immune cell phenotypes in early stage multiple sclerosis: distinctive patterns characterize MRI-active patients. Brain, August 1, 2006; 129(Pt 8): 1993 - 2007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H F Petereit, D Reske, R Pukrop, M Maas-Enriquez, G Japp, P J. Jongen, H W Kolmel, S Merkelbach, H P Hartung, W D Heiss, et al. No effect of intravenous immunoglobulins on cytokine-producing lymphocytes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 2006; 12(1): 66 - 71. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Sellebjerg, C Ross, N Koch-Henriksen, P S. Sorensen, J L Frederiksen, K Bendtzen, and T L Sorensen CD26+CD4+T cell counts and attack risk in interferon-treated multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, December 1, 2005; 11(6): 641 - 645. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Tsunoda, T. E Lane, J. Blackett, and R. S Fujinami Distinct roles for IP-10/C XC L10 in three animal models, Theiler's virus infection, EA E, and MHV infection, for multiple sclerosis: implication of differing roles for IP-10 Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 2004; 10(1): 26 - 34. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Soldan, A. I. A. Retuerto, N. L. Sicotte, and R. R. Voskuhl Immune Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol J. Immunol., December 1, 2003; 171(11): 6267 - 6274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Stanford and T. B. Issekutz The relative activity of CXCR3 and CCR5 ligands in T lymphocyte migration: concordant and disparate activities in vitro and in vivo J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 791 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D J Mahad, J Lawry, S J. Howell, and M N Woodroofe Longitudinal study of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: CXCR3 upregulation is associated with relapse Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2003; 9(2): 189 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E M Martinez-Caceres, C Espejo, L Brieva, I Pericot, M Tintore, I Saez-Torres, and X Montalban Expression of chemokine receptors in the different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, October 1, 2002; 8(5): 390 - 395. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
