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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as manifestation of primary HIV infection

From the Fourth Clinical Division (Drs. Narciso, Del Grosso, De Marco, Ciapparoni, and Tozzi), Department of Radiology (Dr. De Santis), Service of Psychology (Dr. Balestra) of the National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S. Lazzaro Spallanzani; and the Department of Neuroscience (Dr. Galgani) of the San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Pasquale Narciso, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Lazzaro Spallanzani Fourth Clinical Division, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; e-mail: pnarciso{at}libero.it

The authors report a 27-year-old woman with clinical, MRI, virologic, and CSF findings consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a manifestation of primary HIV infection. Improvements in the clinical and MRI findings and a reduction in HIV RNA levels, both in plasma and in the CSF, were observed during highly active antiretroviral therapy.