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From the Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Laboratory (Dr. Riemenschneider) and Section of Neuropsychology (Dr. Jahn, T. Theml, and B. Heldmann), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Drs. Diehl, Lautenschlager, Förstl, and Kurz); Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology (Dr. Wagenpfeil); and Department of Nuclear Medicine (Dr. Drzezga), Technische Universität München, Germany.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Matthias Riemenschneider, Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; e-mail: m.riemenschneider{at}lrz.tu-muenchen.de
Background: CSF concentrations of tau and ß-amyloid protein-42 (Aß42) have been extensively studied in AD. Few data are available concerning CSF levels of both proteins in patients with frontotemporal degeneration (FTD).
Methods: The authors investigated CSF tau and Aß42 concentrations in 34 patients with FTD, 74 patients with AD, and 40 cognitively healthy control subjects. CSF levels of tau and Aß42 were measured by ELISA. With use of receiver operating characteristic–derived cutoff points and linear discrimination lines, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of both markers were determined.
Results: CSF tau concentrations were significantly higher in FTD than in control subjects but were significantly lower than in AD. CSF Aß42 levels were significantly lower in FTD than in control subjects but were significantly higher than in AD. In subjects with FTD, neither tau nor Aß42 levels correlated with the severity of dementia. The best discrimination between the diagnostic groups was obtained by simultaneous measurement of tau and Aß42, yielding a sensitivity of 90% at a specificity of 77% (FTD vs controls) and a sensitivity of 85% at a specificity of 85% (FTD vs AD).
Conclusions: In FTD, CSF levels of tau are elevated and Aß42 levels are decreased. With use of these markers, subjects with FTD can be distinguished from control subjects and from patients with AD with reasonable accuracy.
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