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 Volume 58, Number 2, January 22, 2002
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Neurology 2002;58:198-208
© 2002 American Academy of Neurology

Patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia

H. J. Rosen, MD, M. L. Gorno–Tempini, MD, W. P. Goldman, PhD, R. J. Perry, MD, N. Schuff, PhD, M. Weiner, MD, R. Feiwell, MD, J. H. Kramer, PsyD and B. L. Miller, MD

From the University of California at San Francisco Department of Neurology (Drs. Rosen, Gorno–Tempini, Goldman, Perry, Weiner, Kramer, and Miller), UCSF Memory and Aging Center (Drs. Rosen, Gorno–Tempini, Goldman, Perry, Kramer, and Miller), San Francisco Veterans Affairs Hospital Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit (Drs. Schuff and Weiner), University of California at San Francisco Department of Radiology (Drs. Schuff, Weiner, and Feiwell), CA.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Howard Rosen, UCSF Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, 350 Parnassus Ave., Suite 800, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207; e-mail: Howie{at}itsa.ucsf.edu

Objective: To identify and compare the patterns of cerebral atrophy associated with two clinical variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD): frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and semantic dementia (SemD).

Methods: Twenty patients with FTLD were classified as having FTD (N = 8) or SemD (N = 12) based on current clinical criteria. Both groups showed a similar spectrum of behavioral abnormalities, as indicated by the neuropsychiatric inventory. T1-weighted MRI was obtained for each patient and 20 control subjects. The regions of focal gray matter tissue loss associated with both FTD and SemD, as well as those differing between the two groups were examined using voxel-based morphometry.

Results: Regions of significant atrophy seen in both groups were located in the ventromedial frontal cortex, the posterior orbital frontal regions bilaterally, the insula bilaterally, and the left anterior cingulate cortex. The FTD, but not the SemD, group showed atrophy in the right dorsolateral frontal cortex and the left premotor cortex. The SemD, but not the FTD, group showed tissue loss in the anterior temporal cortex and the amygdala/anterior hippocampal region bilaterally.

Conclusions: Although FTD and SemD are associated with different overall patterns of brain atrophy, regions of gray matter tissue loss in the orbital frontal, insular, and anterior cingulate regions are present in both groups. The authors suggest that pathology in the areas of atrophy associated with both FTD and SemD may underlie some the behavioral symptoms seen in the two disorders.




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