| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Department of Neurology (Dr. Schwarzschild), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (Dr. Chen), Boston University School of Medicine; and Department of Nutrition (Dr. Ascherio), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Michael A. Schwarzschild, Center for Aging, Genetics and Neurodegeneration, MGH, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA 02129; e-mail: michaels{at}helix.mgh.harvard.edu
Large prospective epidemiologic studies have linked the consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages to a reduced risk of subsequently developing PD. Caffeine as well as more specific antagonists of the adenosine A2A receptor have also now been found to attenuate neurotoxicity in a mouse model of PD. The convergence of these epidemiologic and laboratory data supports the possibility that caffeine may reduce the risk of developing PD. However, a neuroprotective effect of caffeine in PD remains unproven; current evidence does not provide a rational basis for recommending caffeine consumption to modify the risk or progression of PD. In addition to possessing neuroprotective potential, caffeine and other A2A antagonists have long been known to acutely reverse motor deficits in a variety of PD models. This symptomatic antiparkinsonian benefit of blocking A2A receptors, coupled with their remarkably restricted expression in the basal ganglia, have made A2A antagonists attractive targets for drug development. Now, with the prospect of a neuroprotective bonus, the novel therapeutic potential of A2A antagonists appears all the more promising just as they are entering clinical trials for PD.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Yu, P. M. Haverty, J. Mariani, Y. Wang, H.-Y. Shen, M. A. Schwarzschild, Z. Weng, and J.-F. Chen Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of adenosine A2A receptor reveals an Egr-2-mediated transcriptional regulatory network in the mouse striatum Physiol Genomics, September 21, 2005; 23(1): 89 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ascherio, M. G. Weisskopf, E. J. O'Reilly, M. L. McCullough, E. E. Calle, C. Rodriguez, and M. J. Thun Coffee Consumption, Gender, and Parkinson's Disease Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort: The Modifying Effects of Estrogen Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2004; 160(10): 977 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. P Dall'Igna, D. O Souza, and D. R Lara Caffeine as a Neuroprotective Adenosine Receptor Antagonist Ann. Pharmacother., April 1, 2004; 38(4): 717 - 718. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. B. Fredholm and P. Svenningsson Adenosine-dopamine interactions: Development of a concept and some comments on therapeutic possibilities Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(90116): S5 - 9. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Fuxe, L.F. Agnati, K. Jacobsen, J. Hillion, M. Canals, M. Torvinen, B. Tinner-Staines, W. Staines, D. Rosin, A. Terasmaa, et al. Receptor heteromerization in adenosine A2A receptor signaling: Relevance for striatal function and Parkinson's disease Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(90116): S19 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ascherio and H. Chen Caffeinated clues from epidemiology of Parkinson's disease Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(90116): S51 - 54. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Schwarzschild, K. Xu, E. Oztas, J. P. Petzer, K. Castagnoli, N. Castagnoli Jr., and J.-F. Chen Neuroprotection by caffeine and more specific A2A receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson's disease Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(90116): S55 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. El Yacoubi, J. Costentin, and J.-M. Vaugeois Adenosine A2A receptors and depression Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(90116): S82 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Stonehouse, M. Adachi, E. C. Walcott, and F. S. Jones Caffeine Regulates Neuronal Expression of the Dopamine 2 Receptor Gene Mol. Pharmacol., December 1, 2003; 64(6): 1463 - 1473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Feigin Nondopaminergic symptomatic therapies for Parkinson's disease: Turn on or turn off? Neurology, August 12, 2003; 61(3): 286 - 287. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Chen, S. M. Zhang, M. A. Hernan, M. A. Schwarzschild, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, F. E. Speizer, and A. Ascherio Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Parkinson Disease Arch Neurol, August 1, 2003; 60(8): 1059 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.M. Ravina, S.C. Fagan, R.G. Hart, C.A. Hovinga, D.D. Murphy, T.M. Dawson, and J.R. Marler Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in Parkinson's disease: A systematic assessment Neurology, April 22, 2003; 60(8): 1234 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Martyn and C. Gale Tobacco, coffee, and Parkinson's disease BMJ, March 15, 2003; 326(7389): 561 - 562. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ascherio, H. Chen, M.A. Schwarzschild, S.M. Zhang, G.A. Colditz, and F.E. Speizer Caffeine, postmenopausal estrogen, and risk of Parkinson's disease Neurology, March 11, 2003; 60(5): 790 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Bastia and M. A. Schwarzschild DARPP Chocolate: A Caffeinated Morsel of Striatal Signaling Sci. Signal., January 14, 2003; 2003(165): pe2 - pe2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-F. Chen, S. Steyn, R. Staal, J. P. Petzer, K. Xu, C. J. Van der Schyf, K. Castagnoli, P. K. Sonsalla, N. Castagnoli Jr., and M. A. Schwarzschild 8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine May Attenuate MPTP Neurotoxicity through Dual Actions of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and A2A Receptor Antagonism J. Biol. Chem., September 20, 2002; 277(39): 36040 - 36044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
