| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the University of Vermont College of Medicine (Dr. Panitch), Burlington; University of California (Dr. Goodin), San Francisco; University Hospital Medical Center (Dr. Coyle), State University of New York at Stony Brook; Mayo Clinic (Dr. Weinshenker), Rochester, MN; St. Michael’s Hospital (Dr. O’Connor), University of Toronto, Canada; University of British Columbia (Dr. Li), Vancouver, Canada; and Serono Inc. (Drs. Francis, Chang, and Monaghan), Rockland, MA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Hillel Panitch, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Neurology Health Care Service, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401; e-mail: hillel.panitch{at}vtmednet.org
Background: Interferon ß (IFNß) reduces relapses and MRI activity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), with variable effects on disability. The most effective dose regimen remains controversial.
Methods: This randomized, controlled, multicenter trial compared the efficacy and safety of IFNß-1a (Rebif®) 44 µg subcutaneously three times weekly (tiw), and IFNß-1a (Avonex®) 30 µg IM once weekly (qw) in 677 patients with RRMS. Assessors blinded to treatment performed neurologic and MRI evaluations. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who were relapse free at 24 weeks; the principal MRI endpoint was the number of active lesions per patient per scan at 24 weeks.
Results: After 24 weeks, 74.9% (254/339) of patients receiving IFNß-1a 44 µg tiw remained relapse free compared with 63.3% (214/338) of those given 30 µg qw. The odds ratio for remaining relapse free was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6; p = 0.0005) at 24 weeks and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1; p = 0.009) at 48 weeks, favoring 44 µg tiw. Patients receiving 44 µg tiw had fewer active MRI lesions (p < 0.001 at 24 and 48 weeks) compared with those receiving 30 µg qw. Injection-site reactions were more frequent with 44 µg tiw (83% vs 28%, p < 0.001), as were asymptomatic abnormalities of liver enzymes (18% vs 9%, p = 0.002) and altered leukocyte counts (11% vs 5%, p = 0.003) compared with the 30 µg qw dosage. Neutralizing antibodies developed in 25% of 44 µg tiw patients and in 2% of patients receiving 30 µg qw.
Conclusions: IFNß-1a 44 µg subcutaneously tiw was more effective than IFNß-1a 30 µg IM qw on all primary and secondary outcomes investigated after 24 and 48 weeks of treatment.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. Goodin and D. Bates Review: Treatment of early multiple sclerosis: the value of treatment initiation after a first clinical episode Multiple Sclerosis, October 1, 2009; 15(10): 1175 - 1182. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. C. Klawiter, A. H. Cross, and R. T. Naismith The present efficacy of multiple sclerosis therapeutics: Is the new 66% just the old 33%? Neurology, September 22, 2009; 73(12): 984 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L Bonzano, L Roccatagliata, G. Mancardi, and M. Sormani Gadolinium-enhancing or active T2 magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis clinical trials? Multiple Sclerosis, September 1, 2009; 15(9): 1043 - 1047. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Cadavid, L. J. Wolansky, J. Skurnick, J. Lincoln, J. Cheriyan, K. Szczepanowski, S. S. Kamin, A. R. Pachner, J. Halper, and S. D. Cook Efficacy of treatment of MS with IFN{beta}-1b or glatiramer acetate by monthly brain MRI in the BECOME study Neurology, June 9, 2009; 72(23): 1976 - 1983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wiendl and R. Hohlfeld Multiple sclerosis therapeutics: Unexpected outcomes clouding undisputed successes Neurology, March 17, 2009; 72(11): 1008 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Mowry, M. Pesic, B. Grimes, S. Deen, P. Bacchetti, and E. Waubant Demyelinating events in early multiple sclerosis have inherent severity and recovery Neurology, February 17, 2009; 72(7): 602 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Giovannoni, O Barbarash, F Casset-Semanaz, J King, L Metz, G Pardo, J Simsarian, P. Sorensen, B Stubinski, and on behalf of the Rebif(R) New Formulation Study Gr Safety and immunogenicity of a new formulation of interferon {beta}-1a (Rebif(R) New Formulation) in a Phase IIIb study in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: 96-week results Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 2009; 15(2): 219 - 228. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Gajofatto, P Bacchetti, B Grimes, A High, and E Waubant Switching first-line disease-modifying therapy after failure: impact on the course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, January 1, 2009; 15(1): 50 - 58. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. W. Chiu, N. Richert, M. Ehrmantraut, J. Ohayon, S. Gupta, G. Bomboi, D. Gaindh, F. K. Cantor, J. A. Frank, H. F. McFarland, et al. Heterogeneity in Response to Interferon Beta in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A 3-Year Monthly Imaging Study Arch Neurol, January 1, 2009; 66(1): 39 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Ross Strategies for optimal disease management, adherence, and outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology, December 9, 2008; 71(24 Suppl 3): S1 - S2. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Goodin Disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: Update and clinical implications Neurology, December 9, 2008; 71(24_suppl_3): S8 - S13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Soelberg Sorensen Review: Neutralizing antibodies against interferon-beta Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, September 1, 2008; 1(2): 125 - 141. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L Durelli, P Barbero, M Bergui, E Versino, M A Bassano, E Verdun, C Rivoiro, C Ferrero, E Picco, P Ripellino, et al. MRI activity and neutralising antibody as predictors of response to interferon {beta} treatment in multiple sclerosis J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2008; 79(6): 646 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. V. Folden, M. S. Lee, and E. H. Ryan Jr INTERFERON {beta}-ASSOCIATED RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS TREATED FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Neurology, March 25, 2008; 70(13_Part_2): 1153 - 1155. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Hooks, C. N. Nagineni, L. C. Hooper, K. Hayashi, and B. Detrick IFN-{beta} Provides Immuno-Protection in the Retina by Inhibiting ICAM-1 and CXCL9 in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., March 15, 2008; 180(6): 3789 - 3796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Farrell, R. Kapoor, S. Leary, P. Rudge, A. Thompson, D. Miller, and G. Giovannoni Neutralizing anti-interferon beta antibodies are associated with reduced side effects and delayed impact on efficacy of Interferon-beta Multiple Sclerosis, March 1, 2008; 14(2): 212 - 218. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Baum, C. O'Leary, F. Coret Ferrer, E. Klimova, L. Prochazkova, J. Bugge, and for the BRIGHT Study Group Comparison of injection site pain and injection site reactions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-1a or 1b Multiple Sclerosis, November 1, 2007; 13(9): 1153 - 1160. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. Coyle Evidence-based medicine and clinical trials Neurology, June 12, 2007; 68(24_suppl_4): S3 - S7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Noronha Neutralizing antibodies to interferon Neurology, June 12, 2007; 68(24_suppl_4): S16 - S22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sorensen, N. Koch-Henriksen, and K. Bendtzen Are ex vivo neutralising antibodies against IFN-{beta} always detrimental to therapeutic efficacy in multiple sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2007; 13(5): 616 - 621. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A Farrell and G. Giovannoni Measuring and management of Anti-Interferon Beta Antibodies in subjects with Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2007; 13(5): 567 - 577. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Oger Neutralizing antibodies and interferon treatment of multiple sclerosis: addressing the open questions Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2007; 13(1_suppl): 5 - 7. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. AL-Sabbagh Neutralizing antibodies in MS therapy: reviewing the Rebif experience Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2007; 13(1_suppl): 8 - 13. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Goelz and L. Walt Development of neutralizing antibodies to intramuscular interferon beta-1a (Avonex (R)) Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2007; 13(1_suppl): 14 - 20. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cantillon and I. Antonijevic Clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies with interferon beta-1b therapy in multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2007; 13(1_suppl): 21 - 27. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.T. Reder Neutralizing antibodies in multiple sclerosis: a complex impact on interferon responses, magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical outcomes Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2007; 13(1_suppl): 53 - 62. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Choudry and J. W. Chan An Update on Monoclonal Antibody Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Journal of Pharmacy Practice, April 1, 2007; 20(2): 167 - 180. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Goodin, E. M. Frohman, B. Hurwitz, P. W. O'Connor, J. J. Oger, A. T. Reder, and J. C. Stevens Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta: Assessment of their clinical and radiographic impact: An evidence report: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology, March 27, 2007; 68(13): 977 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Gneiss, P Tripp, F Reichartseder, R Egg, R Ehling, A Lutterotti, M Khalil, B Kuenz, I Mayringer, M Reindl, et al. Differing immunogenic potentials of interferon beta preparations in multiple sclerosis patients Multiple Sclerosis, November 1, 2006; 12(6): 731 - 737. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Noseworthy How much can we learn from long-term extension trials in multiple sclerosis? Neurology, September 26, 2006; 67(6): 930 - 931. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. West, M. Wyatt, A. High, A. Bostrom, and E. Waubant Are initial demyelinating event recovery and time to second event under differential control? Neurology, September 12, 2006; 67(5): 809 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Langan, K. S. Thomas, and H. C. Williams What is meant by a "flare" in atopic dermatitis?: a systematic review and proposal. Arch Dermatol, September 1, 2006; 142(9): 1190 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ge Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of MR Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., June 1, 2006; 27(6): 1165 - 1176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Petersen, K. Bendtzen, N. Koch-Henriksen, M. Ravnborg, C. Ross, P. S. Sorensen, and The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Group Persistence of neutralizing antibodies after discontinuation of IFN{beta} therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2006; 12(3): 247 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M H Gottesman and S Friedman-Urevich Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron(R)/Betaferon(R)) is well tolerated at a dose of 500 mg: interferon dose escalation assessment of safety (IDEAS) Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2006; 12(3): 271 - 280. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Portaccio, V Zipoli, G Siracusa, S Sorbi, and M P Amato Response to interferon-beta therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparison of different clinical criteria Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2006; 12(3): 281 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Koch-Henriksen, P. S. Sorensen, T. Christensen, J. Frederiksen, M. Ravnborg, K. Jensen, A. Heltberg, O. Kristensen, E. Stenager, T. Petersen, et al. A randomized study of two interferon- beta treatments in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Neurology, April 11, 2006; 66(7): 1056 - 1060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. K. Cantor Interferon Beta-1a treatment and african americans. Arch Neurol, April 1, 2006; 63(4): 627 - 628. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Barbero, M Bergui, E Versino, A Ricci, J J Zhong, B Ferrero, M Clerico, A Pipieri, E Verdun, L Giordano, et al. Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis (INCOMIN Trial) II: analysis of MRI responses to treatment and correlation with NAb Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 2006; 12(1): 72 - 76. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Gupta, J M Solomon, T A Tasciyan, M M Cao, R D Stone, J L Ostuni, J M Ohayon, P A Muraro, J A Frank, N D Richert, et al. Interferon-beta-1b effects on re-enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, December 1, 2005; 11(6): 658 - 668. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. C. Cree, A. Al-Sabbagh, R. Bennett, and D. Goodin Response to Interferon Beta-1a Treatment in African American Multiple Sclerosis Patients Arch Neurol, November 1, 2005; 62(11): 1681 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Mikol, M Lopez-Bresnahan, S Taraskiewicz, P Chang, J Rangnow, and RebijectTM Study Group A randomized, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial of the tolerability of interferon beta-1a (Rebif(R)) administered by autoinjection or manual injection in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, October 1, 2005; 11(5): 585 - 591. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sandberg-Wollheim, D. Frank, T. M. Goodwin, B. Giesser, M. Lopez-Bresnahan, M. Stam-Moraga, P. Chang, and G. S. Francis Pregnancy outcomes during treatment with interferon beta-1a in patients with multiple sclerosis Neurology, September 27, 2005; 65(6): 802 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M Herndon, R. A Rudick, F. E Munschauer III, M. K Mass, A. M Salazar, M. E Coats, R. Labutta, J. R Richert, S. L Cohan, C. Genain, et al. Eight-year immunogenicity and safety of interferon beta-1a-Avonex(R)treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, August 1, 2005; 11(4): 409 - 419. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Giovannoni and A. Goodman Neutralizing anti-IFN-{beta} antibodies: How much more evidence do we need to use them in practice? Neurology, July 12, 2005; 65(1): 6 - 8. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Schwid, J. Thorpe, M. Sharief, M. Sandberg-Wollheim, K. Rammohan, J. Wendt, H. Panitch, D. Goodin, D. Li, P. Chang, et al. Enhanced Benefit of Increasing Interferon Beta-1a Dose and Frequency in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: The EVIDENCE Study Arch Neurol, May 1, 2005; 62(5): 785 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B Patten, G. Francis, L. M Metz, M. Lopez-Bresnahan, P. Chang, and F. Curtin The relationship between depression and interferon beta-1a therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2005; 11(2): 175 - 181. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Saida, K. Tashiro, Y. Itoyama, T. Sato, Y. Ohashi, Z. Zhao, and the Interferon Beta-1b Multiple Sclerosis Study Gr Interferon beta-1b is effective in Japanese RRMS patients: A randomized, multicenter study Neurology, February 22, 2005; 64(4): 621 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M S Freedman, G S Francis, E A. Sanders, G P. Rice, P O'Connor, G Comi, P Duquette, L Metz, T J Murray, J-P Bouchard, et al. Randomized study of once-weekly interferon {beta}-1a therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: three-year data from the OWIMS study Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 2005; 11(1): 41 - 45. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Rizvi and M. A. Agius Current approved options for treating patients with multiple sclerosis Neurology, December 28, 2004; 63(12_suppl_6): S8 - S14. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. H. Stuart, S. Cohan, J. R. Richert, and A. Achiron Selecting a disease-modifying agent as platform therapy in the long-term management of multiple sclerosis Neurology, December 14, 2004; 63(11_suppl_5): S19 - S27. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. H. Stuart and P. Vermersch Concomitant therapy for multiple sclerosis Neurology, December 14, 2004; 63(11_suppl_5): S28 - S34. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Langer-Gould, H. H. Moses, and T. J. Murray Strategies for managing the side effects of treatments for multiple sclerosis Neurology, December 14, 2004; 63(11_suppl_5): S35 - S41. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. K. Vartanian, S. S. Zamvil, E. Fox, and P. S. Sorensen Neutralizing antibodies to disease-modifying agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis Neurology, December 14, 2004; 63(11_suppl_5): S42 - S49. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The North American Study Group on Interferon beta- Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: Results from a 3-year controlled study Neurology, November 23, 2004; 63(10): 1788 - 1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Gneiss, M Reindl, A Lutterotti, R Ehling, R Egg, M Khalil, T Berger, and F Deisenhammer Interferon-beta: the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titre predicts reversion to NAb negativity Multiple Sclerosis, October 1, 2004; 10(5): 507 - 510. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T L Vollmer, J T Phillips, A D Goodman, M A Agius, M A Libonati, J L Giacchino, and J S Grundy An open-label safety and drug interaction study of natalizumab (AntegrenTM) in combination with interferon-beta (Avonex(R)) in patients with multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, October 1, 2004; 10(5): 511 - 520. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Malucchi, A. Sala, F. Gilli, R. Bottero, A. Di Sapio, M. Capobianco, and A. Bertolotto Neutralizing antibodies reduce the efficacy of {beta}IFN during treatment of multiple sclerosis Neurology, June 8, 2004; 62(11): 2031 - 2037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O Andersen, I Elovaara, M Farkkila, H J Hansen, S I Mellgren, K-M Myhr, M Sandberg-Wollheim, and P Soelberg Sorensen Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, phase III study of weekly, low dose, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2004; 75(5): 706 - 710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Rudge Interferon antibodies: do they alter the beneficial effects of beta-interferon upon relapse rate in multiple sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2004; 10(2): 123 - 125. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Clanet, L Kappos, H-P Hartung, R Hohlfeld, and The European IFNss-1a Dose-Comparison Study Invest Interferon {beta}-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis: four-year extension of the European IFN{beta}-1a Dose-C omparison Study Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2004; 10(2): 139 - 144. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. H. Salama, J. Hong, Y. C. Q. Zang, A. El-Mongui, and J. Zhang Blocking effects of serum reactive antibodies induced by glatiramer acetate treatment in multiple sclerosis Brain, December 1, 2003; 126(12): 2638 - 2647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Giovannoni Strategies to treat and prevent the development of neutralizing anti-interferon-{beta} antibodies Neurology, November 11, 2003; 61(90095): S13 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X Lin, C R Tench, B Turner, L D Blumhardt, and C S Constantinescu Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis over four years: application of a reproducible automated technique in monitoring disease progression in a cohort of the interferon {beta}-1a (Rebif) treatment trial J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2003; 74(8): 1090 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Ortenzi, G Giovannoni, F Deisenhammer, and F E Munschauer Neutralising antibodies to interferon {beta} J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2003; 74(8): 1162 - 1163. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bagnato, N. Jeffries, N. D. Richert, R. D. Stone, J. M. Ohayon, H. F. McFarland, and J. A. Frank Evolution of T1 black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis imaged monthly for 4 years Brain, August 1, 2003; 126(8): 1782 - 1789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B D Dubois, E Keenan, B E Porter, R Kapoor, P Rudge, A J Thompson, D H Miller, and G Giovannoni Interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: experience in a British specialist multiple sclerosis centre J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2003; 74(7): 946 - 949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Byrne, H. Panitch, P. Coyle, D. Goodin, P. O'Connor, B. Weinshenker, D. Li, G. Francis, P. Chang, E. Monaghan, et al. Randomized, comparative study of interferon beta-1a treatment regimens in MS: the EVIDENCE trial Neurology, June 10, 2003; 60(11): 1872 - 1873. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 From the Library Br J Ophthalmol, May 1, 2003; 87(5): 662 - 662. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. D. Lublin When marketing and science intersect: Do patients with MS benefit? Neurology, November 26, 2002; 59(10): 1480 - 1481. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kieburtz and M. McDermott Needed in MS: Evidence, not EVIDENCE Neurology, November 26, 2002; 59(10): 1482 - 1483. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
