Neurology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Correspondence:
Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when Correspondence are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Related articles in Neurology
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wilson, R. S.
Right arrow Articles by Bennett, D. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wilson, R. S.
Right arrow Articles by Bennett, D. A.
Related Collections
Right arrow All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia
Right arrow Alzheimer's disease
Right arrow Cognitive aging
Right arrow Cognitive neuropsychology in dementia
Right arrow Assessment of cognitive disorders/dementia
Right arrow Risk factors in epidemiology

Neurology 2002;59:364-370
© 2002 American Academy of Neurology

Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons

R. S. Wilson, PhD, L. L. Barnes, PhD, C. F. Mendes de Leon, PhD, N. T. Aggarwal, MD, J. S. Schneider, MD, J. Bach, MSW, J. Pilat, L. A. Beckett, PhD, S. E. Arnold, MD, D. A. Evans, MD and D. A. Bennett, MD

From Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Drs. Wilson, Barnes, Mendes de Leon, Aggarwal, Schneider, Beckett, Evans, and Bennett, J. Bach, and J. Pilat), Department of Neurological Sciences (Drs. Wilson, Barnes, Aggarwal, Schneider, and Bennett), Psychology (Drs. Wilson and Barnes), and Medicine (Drs. Mendes de Leon and Evans), Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Dr. Beckett), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis; and Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Arnold), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Robert S. Wilson, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd., Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612; e-mail: rwilson{at}rush.edu

Background: Cross-sectional and retrospective case-control studies suggest an association of depression symptoms with cognitive impairment and AD, but there have been few prospective studies and their results have been inconsistent.

Methods: Participants are Catholic clergy members who were aged >=65 years and who did not have clinical evidence of AD. During a 7-year period, they underwent annual clinical evaluations that included clinical classification of AD and detailed cognitive function testing from which global and specific measures of cognition were derived. Number of depressive symptoms was assessed at baseline with a modified, 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The association of CES-D score with incident AD, using proportional hazards models, and cognitive decline, using random effects models, was examined.

Results: At baseline, participants reported an average of about one depressive symptom on the CES-D scale (range, 0 to 8). During the 7 years of follow-up, 108 persons developed AD. In analyses that controlled for selected demographic and clinical variables including baseline level of cognitive function, CES-D score was associated with both risk of AD and rate of cognitive decline. For each depressive symptom, risk of developing AD increased by an average of 19%, and annual decline on a global cognitive measure increased by an average of 24%.

Conclusions: The results raise the possibility that depressive symptoms in older persons may be associated with risk of developing AD.


Related articles in Neurology:

Depression may be another risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: Your doctor can help
Janet Jankowiak
Neurology 2002 59: 4-5. [Full Text]  



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
X. Sun, D. C. Steffens, R. Au, M. Folstein, P. Summergrad, J. Yee, I. Rosenberg, D. M. Mwamburi, and W. Q. Qiu
Amyloid-Associated Depression: A Prodromal Depression of Alzheimer Disease?
Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 2008; 65(5): 542 - 550.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
M. I. Geerlings, T. den Heijer, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, and M.M.B. Breteler
History of depression, depressive symptoms, and medial temporal lobe atrophy and the risk of Alzheimer disease
Neurology, April 8, 2008; 70(15): 1258 - 1264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
R. S. Wilson, S. E. Arnold, T. L. Beck, J. L. Bienias, and D. A. Bennett
Change in Depressive Symptoms During the Prodromal Phase of Alzheimer Disease
Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2008; 65(4): 439 - 445.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L. Rozzini, B. V. Chilovi, M. Trabucchi, A. Padovani, K . Palmer, A .-K. Berger, R . Monastero, B . Winblad, L . Backman, and L . Fratiglioni
PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION FROM MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT TO ALZHEIMER DISEASE
Neurology, February 26, 2008; 70(9): 735 - 736.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AJGPHome page
M. A. Rapp, M. Schnaider-Beeri, D. P. Purohit, D. P. Perl, V. Haroutunian, and M. Sano
Increased Neurofibrillary Tangles in Patients With Alzheimer Disease With Comorbid Depression
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, February 1, 2008; 16(2): 168 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
J. B. Richards, A. Papaioannou, J. D. Adachi, L. Joseph, H. E. Whitson, J. C. Prior, D. Goltzman, and for the CaMos Research Group
A Possible Role of Recurrent Major Depression in Risk of Fracture Reply
Arch Intern Med, November 26, 2007; 167(21): 2370 - 2371.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AJGPHome page
D. C. Steffens, G. G. Potter, D. R. McQuoid, J. R. MacFall, M. E. Payne, J. R. Burke, B. L. Plassman, and K. A. Welsh-Bohmer
Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vascular Changes, Apolipoprotein E Genotype, and Development of Dementia in the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly Study
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, October 1, 2007; 15(10): 839 - 849.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, S. E. Arnold, J. L. Bienias, and D. A. Bennett
Conscientiousness and the Incidence of Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 2007; 64(10): 1204 - 1212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
M. A. Raji, C. A. Reyes-Ortiz, Y.-F. Kuo, K. S. Markides, and K. J. Ottenbacher
Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Change in Older Mexican Americans
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2007; 20(3): 145 - 152.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi.Home page
P. Fischer, H. Wallner, S. Jungwirth, S. Weissgram, W. Krampla, P. Bauer, and K.-H. Tragl
Cumulative Exposure to General Anesthesias and Cognitive Dysfunction at Age 75 in the Vienna Transdanube Aging "VITA" Study
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2007; 19(1): 21 - 26.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMENHome page
M. Y. S. Contreras, P. A. O. Vargas, L. R. Ramos, and R. A. Velandia
Depressive Symptoms Associated With Hereditary Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Description
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, January 1, 2007; 21(6): 411 - 415.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
L. Han, J. McCusker, M. Abrahamowicz, M. Cole, and R. Capek
The Temporal Relationship Between Depression Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning in Older Medical Patients--Prospective or Concurrent?
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2006; 61(12): 1319 - 1323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
D. V. Jeste, T. W. Meeks, D. S. Kim, and G. S. Zubenko
Research Agenda for DSM-V: Diagnostic Categories and Criteria for Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Dementia
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2006; 19(3): 160 - 171.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 AJGPHome page
M. K. Rainer, H. A. M. Mucke, S. Zehetmayer, W. Krampla, T. Kuselbauer, S. Weissgram, S. Jungwirth, K. H. Tragl, and P. Fischer
Data From the VITA Study Do Not Support the Concept of Vascular Depression.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, June 1, 2006; 14(6): 531 - 537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AJGPHome page
R. K. Bhalla, M. A. Butters, B. H. Mulsant, A. E. Begley, M. D. Zmuda, B. Schoderbek, B. G. Pollock, C. F. Reynolds III, and J. T. Becker
Persistence of Neuropsychologic Deficits in the Remitted State of Late-Life Depression.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, May 1, 2006; 14(5): 419 - 427.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group
Cognitive Impairment in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 16.
Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 2006; 124(4): 537 - 543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
R. Lekwauwa, D. McQuoid, and D. C. Steffens
Hippocampal Volume Is Associated With Physician-Reported Acute Cognitive Deficits After Electroconvulsive Therapy
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, March 1, 2006; 19(1): 21 - 25.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
Y. E. Geda, D. S. Knopman, D. A. Mrazek, G. A. Jicha, G. E. Smith, S. Negash, B. F. Boeve, R. J. Ivnik, R. C. Petersen, V. S. Pankratz, et al.
Depression, apolipoprotein e genotype, and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study.
Arch Neurol, March 1, 2006; 63(3): 435 - 440.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
D. E. Barnes, G. S. Alexopoulos, O. L. Lopez, J. D. Williamson, and K. Yaffe
Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment: findings from the cardiovascular health study.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 63(3): 273 - 279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
D. C. Steffens, E. Otey, G. S. Alexopoulos, M. A. Butters, B. Cuthbert, M. Ganguli, Y. E. Geda, H. C. Hendrie, R. R. Krishnan, A. Kumar, et al.
Perspectives on Depression, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitive Decline
Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 2006; 63(2): 130 - 138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
M. A. Rapp, M. Schnaider-Beeri, H. T. Grossman, M. Sano, D. P. Perl, D. P. Purohit, J. M. Gorman, and V. Haroutunian
Increased Hippocampal Plaques and Tangles in Patients With Alzheimer Disease With a Lifetime History of Major Depression
Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 2006; 63(2): 161 - 167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
M. A. Sager, B. Hermann, and A. La Rue
Middle-Aged Children of Persons With Alzheimer's Disease: APOE Genotypes and Cognitive Function in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2005; 18(4): 245 - 249.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Psychosom. Med.Home page
S. A. Everson-Rose, K. A. Skarupski, J. L. Bienias, R. S. Wilson, D. A. Evans, and C. F. M. de Leon
Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Declines in Physical Performance in an Elderly, Biracial Population?
Psychosom Med, July 1, 2005; 67(4): 609 - 615.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
J. L. Gatz, S. L. Tyas, P. St. John, and P. Montgomery
Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia?
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2005; 60(6): 744 - 747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
J. E. Galvin, K. K. Powlishta, K. Wilkins, D. W. McKeel Jr, C. Xiong, E. Grant, M. Storandt, and J. C. Morris
Predictors of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease and Dementia: A Clinicopathologic Study
Arch Neurol, May 1, 2005; 62(5): 758 - 765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
K. S. N. Franco and D. Bronson
Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2005; 62(2): 330 - 330.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
Z. Arvanitakis, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Bennett
Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer Disease--Reply
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2005; 62(2): 330 - 331.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. S. Wilson, L. L. Barnes, D. A. Bennett, Y. Li, J. L. Bienias, C. F. M. de Leon, and D. A. Evans
Proneness to psychological distress and risk of Alzheimer disease in a biracial community
Neurology, January 25, 2005; 64(2): 380 - 382.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Psychosom. Med.Home page
S. A. Everson-Rose, J. S. House, and R. P. Mero
Depressive Symptoms and Mortality Risk in a National Sample: Confounding Effects of Health Status
Psychosom Med, November 1, 2004; 66(6): 823 - 830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. P. Kelly, C. M. Filley, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Bennett
Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease
Neurology, September 14, 2004; 63(5): 941 - 941.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
P. J. Modrego and J. Ferrandez
Depression in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Increases the Risk of Developing Dementia of Alzheimer Type: A Prospective Cohort Study
Arch Neurol, August 1, 2004; 61(8): 1290 - 1293.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Aging HealthHome page
L. L. Barnes, C. F. M. De Leon, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Bennett, and D. A. Evans
Racial Differences in Perceived Discrimination in a Community Population of Older Blacks and Whites
J Aging Health, June 1, 2004; 16(3): 315 - 337.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
E F J Meulen, B Schmand, J P van Campen, S J de Koning, R W Ponds, P Scheltens, and F R Verhey
The seven minute screen: a neurocognitive screening test highly sensitive to various types of dementia
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2004; 75(5): 700 - 705.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.Home page
R. S. Wilson, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett
Personality and Mortality in Old Age
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., May 1, 2004; 59(3): P110 - P116.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
Z. Arvanitakis, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Decline in Cognitive Function
Arch Neurol, May 1, 2004; 61(5): 661 - 666.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
H. Feldman, P. Scheltens, E. Scarpini, N. Hermann, P. Mesenbrink, L. Mancione, S. Tekin, R. Lane, and S. Ferris
Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment
Neurology, April 13, 2004; 62(7): 1199 - 1201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AJGPHome page
D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, J. L. Bienias, and S. E. Arnold
Cerebral Infarctions and the Relationship of Depression Symptoms to Level of Cognitive Functioning in Older Persons
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, April 1, 2004; 12(2): 211 - 219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.Home page
D. W. Gilley, R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Bennett, and D. A. Evans
Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Persons With Alzheimer's Disease
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., March 1, 2004; 59(2): P75 - 83.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
R S Wilson, D A Fleischman, R A Myers, D A Bennett, J L Bienias, D W Gilley, and D A Evans
Premorbid proneness to distress and episodic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 2004; 75(2): 191 - 195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
R S Wilson, C F Mendes de Leon, D A Bennett, J L Bienias, and D A Evans
Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in a community population of older persons
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2004; 75(1): 126 - 129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. C.S. Breitner and P. T. Costa
"At my wits' end": Neuroticism and dementia
Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(11): 1468 - 1469.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. S. Wilson, D. A. Evans, J. L. Bienias, C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. A. Schneider, and D. A. Bennett
Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease
Neurology, December 9, 2003; 61(11): 1479 - 1485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, C. F. Mendes de Leon, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett
Negative Affect and Mortality in Older Persons
Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2003; 158(9): 827 - 835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R.S. Wilson, J.A. Schneider, J.L. Bienias, S.E. Arnold, D.A. Evans, and D.A. Bennett
Depressive symptoms, clinical AD, and cortical plaques and tangles in older persons
Neurology, October 28, 2003; 61(8): 1102 - 1107.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L.L. Barnes, R.S. Wilson, J.A. Schneider, J.L. Bienias, D.A. Evans, and D.A. Bennett
Gender, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons
Neurology, June 10, 2003; 60(11): 1777 - 1781.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. S. Wilson, L. A. Beckett, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett
Terminal decline in cognitive function
Neurology, June 10, 2003; 60(11): 1782 - 1787.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JWatch PsychiatryHome page
Alzheimer's Disease and Depression: What's the Connection?
Journal Watch Psychiatry, October 24, 2002; 2002(1024): 5 - 5.
[Full Text]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2002 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.