| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Witjas, Kaphan, Azulay, Ceccaldi, Pouget, Poncet, and Chérif) and CPCET (Dr. Blin), CHU Timone, Marseille, France.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Tatiana Witjas, Service de Neurologie, CHU Timone, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05 France; e-mail: twitjas{at}yahoo.fr
Objective: To assess the frequency and disability caused by nonmotor fluctuations (NMF) in PD.
Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 50 patients with PD with motor fluctuations (MF), focused on 54 nonmotor symptoms classified in three subgroups: 26 dysautonomic, 21 cognitive and psychiatric, and seven pain/sensory NMF. The link between each NMF and the motor state was determined. Patients were asked to grade their disability from 0 (no disability) to 4 (maximum discomfort) and to specify which kind of fluctuation subgroup (motor or nonmotor) was the most incapacitating. A statistical analysis was performed to determine the frequency of each NMF and to determine whether the level of disability resulting from NMF could be correlated to the main characteristics of the population.
Results: All patients had had at least one type of NMF, most of which were associated with the "off" state. Anxiety (66%), drenching sweats (64%), slowness of thinking (58%), fatigue (56%), and akathisia (54%) were the most frequent NMF. Some symptoms such as anxiety or dyspnea correlated with a greater level of disability. The total number of NMF was found to be correlated with the motor disability. Incapacity resulting from the dysautonomic fluctuations was also significantly correlated with levodopa treatment. Surprisingly, 28% of the patients stated that NMF involved a greater degree of disability than MF.
Conclusion: Nonmotor fluctuations are frequent and debilitating in PD.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. W. Olanow, M. B. Stern, and K. Sethi The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009) Neurology, May 26, 2009; 72(21_Supplement_4): S1 - S136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. P. Visanji, S. H. Fox, T. H. Johnston, M. J. Millan, and J. M. Brotchie {alpha}1-Adrenoceptors Mediate Dihydroxyphenylalanine-Induced Activity in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Lesioned Macaques J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2009; 328(1): 276 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. PANDYA, C. S. KUBU, and M. L. GIROUX Parkinson disease: Not just a movement disorder Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, December 1, 2008; 75(12): 856 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schifitto, J. H. Friedman, D. Oakes, L. Shulman, C. L. Comella, K. Marek, S. Fahn, and The Parkinson Study Group ELLDOPA Investigators Fatigue in levodopa-naive subjects with Parkinson disease Neurology, August 12, 2008; 71(7): 481 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Simonson, R. A Hauser, and A. H. Schapira Role of the Pharmacist in the Effective Management of Wearing-Off in Parkinson's Disease Ann. Pharmacother., November 1, 2007; 41(11): 1842 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E.-K. Tan Exploring the Relationship Between Panic Disorder and Parkinson's Disease J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2007; 19(3): 343 - 344. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Letters to the editor Palliative Medicine, March 1, 2007; 21(2): 161 - 164. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Belforte and J. H. Pazo Striatal Inhibition of Nociceptive Responses Evoked in Trigeminal Sensory Neurons by Tooth Pulp Stimulation J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2005; 93(3): 1730 - 1741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Alves, T. Wentzel-Larsen, and J. P. Larsen Is fatigue an independent and persistent symptom in patients with Parkinson disease? Neurology, November 23, 2004; 63(10): 1908 - 1911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Funkiewiez, C Ardouin, E Caputo, P Krack, V Fraix, H Klinger, S Chabardes, K Foote, A-L Benabid, and P Pollak Long term effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on cognitive function, mood, and behaviour in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2004; 75(6): 834 - 839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
