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From the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Longstreth and Copass), Medicine (C. Fahrenbruch, M. Olsufka, and Drs. Copass and Cobb) and Epidemiology (Dr. Longstreth), University of Washington, and Seattle Fire Department (T. Walsh), Seattle, WA.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to W.T. Longstreth, Jr, MD, Department of Neurology, Box 359775, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2420; e-mail: wl{at}u.washington.edu
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of interventions aimed at improving neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.
Methods: The authors conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with factorial design to see if magnesium, diazepam, or both, when given immediately following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, would increase the proportion of patients awakening, defined as following commands or having comprehensible speech. If the patient regained a systolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg and had not awakened, paramedics injected IV two syringes stored in a sealed kit. The first always contained either 2 g magnesium sulfate (M) or placebo (P); the second contained either 10 mg diazepam (D) or P. Awakening at any time by 3 months was determined by record review, and independence at 3 months was determined by telephone calls. Over 30 months, 300 patients were randomized in balanced blocks of 4, 75 each to MD, MP, PD, or PP. The study was conducted under waiver of consent.
Results: Despite the design, the four treatment groups differed on baseline variables collected before randomization. Percent awake by 3 months for each group were: MD, 29.3%; MP, 46.7%; PD, 30.7%; PP, 37.3%. Percent independent at 3 months were: MD, 17.3%; MP, 34.7%; PD, 17.3%; PP, 25.3%. Significant interactions were lacking. After adjusting for baseline imbalances, none of these differences was significant, and no adverse effects were identified.
Conclusions: Neither magnesium nor diazepam significantly improved neurologic outcome from cardiac arrest.
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