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Neurology 2002;59:834-840
© 2002 American Academy of Neurology

Neocortical system abnormalities in autism

An fMRI study of spatial working memory

B. Luna, PhD, N. J. Minshew, MD, K. E. Garver, BA, N. A. Lazar, PhD, K. R. Thulborn, MD PhD, W. F. Eddy, PhD and J. A. Sweeney, PhD

From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs. Luna and Minshew and K. Garver) and Neurology (Dr. Minshew), University of Pittsburgh, and Department of Statistics (Drs. Lazar and Eddy), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; and Departments of Radiology, Physiology, and Biophysics (Dr. Thulborn) and Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology (Dr. Sweeney), University of Illinois at Chicago.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Beatriz Luna, PhD, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave., Oxford Bldg., Rm. 743, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; e-mail: lunab{at}msx.upmc.edu

Objective: To test the hypothesis that deficits in spatial working memory in autism are due to abnormalities in prefrontal circuitry.

Methods: Functional MRI (fMRI) at 3 T was performed in 11 rigorously diagnosed non–mentally retarded autistic and six healthy volunteers while they performed an oculomotor spatial working memory task and a visually guided saccade task.

Results: Autistic subjects demonstrated significantly less task-related activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area [BA] 9/46) and posterior cingulate cortex (BA 23) in comparison with healthy subjects during a spatial working memory task. In contrast, activation of autistic individuals was not reduced in other regions comprising the neural circuitry for spatial working memory including the cortical eye fields, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, basal ganglia, thalamus, and lateral cerebellum. Autistic subjects also did not demonstrate reduced activation in any brain regions while performing visually guided saccades.

Conclusion: Impairments in executive cognitive processes in autism may be subserved by abnormalities in neocortical circuitry as evidenced by decreased activation in prefrontal and posterior cingulate circuitry during a spatial working memory task.




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