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Analysis of direct hospital costs before and 18 months after treatment with vagus nerve stimulation therapy in 43 patients

From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden (Prof. Ben-Menachem, Ms. Hellström), and Cyberonics Europe, Zaventem, Belgium (Mr. Verstappen).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. Elinor Ben-Menachem, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology Division, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.

Article abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy is an established method for treating patients with refractory seizures. Although the initial cost of the device is about $10,000, the battery life of the model 100 implanted in the patients in this analysis can exceed 5 years at standard settings. It is important to understand what type of cost–benefit can be expected after implantation. Our aim was to assess unplanned hospital costs 18 months before and 18 months after VNS implantation in 43 patients. The VNS therapy system was implanted according to standard procedures and stimulation of 0.75 to 2.0 mA was delivered either as 30 seconds on and 5 minutes off or 7 seconds on and 14 seconds off. Seizure frequency was calculated before and after 18 months of treatment. During this time no changes were made with other therapies for epilepsy. Hospitalization for emergency room (ER) visits, ward stays, and intensive care days were calculated according to the costs at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Sweden. Therapy response was defined as 25% or greater reduction in seizure frequency. For all patients, intensive care unit (ICU) costs were reduced from $46,875 to $0, ER visits from $13,000 to $9,000, and ward stays from $151,125 to $21,375. Total hospital costs for the 43 patients studied before VNS therapy were $211,000 and after 18 months of treatment were reduced to $30,375, an average annual cost savings of approximately $3,000 per patient. The cost savings applied to all patients, irrespective of whether they responded to VNS therapy. VNS therapy resulted in annual reductions of approximately $3000 in unplanned hospital costs per study patient. Such direct savings sustained over the battery life of the VNS therapy system can equal or exceed the purchase price of the device.