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From the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Marinus and van Hilten, M. Visser), Neuropsychology (Dr. Middelkoop), and Medical Decision Making (Dr. Stiggelbout), Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Cognitive Psychology (Dr. Middelkoop), Leiden University; Faculty of Medicine (N.A. Verwey), Utrecht University; and Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Verhey), University Hospital of Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J.J. van Hilten, Department of Neurology (K5Q 94), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; e-mail: j.j.van_hilten{at}lumc.nl
Objective: To develop a short, practical instrument that is sensitive to the specific cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) for comparing groups in research situations and for assessing change in cognitive functioning over time.
Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify the most frequently affected cognitive domains in PD and to select candidate items for the initial scale. This scale was tested in 85 patients and 75 age-, education-, and sex-matched control subjects. Items that met predefined criteria for data quality, reproducibility, and discriminative properties were included in the final scale.
Results: The final scale, the SCOPA-COG (SCales for Outcomes of PArkinson’s disease–cognition), consists of 10 items with a maximum score of 43, with higher scores reflecting better performance. The test–retest reliability of the total score was 0.78 (intraclass correlation coefficient) and ranged from 0.40 to 0.75 for individual items (weighted 
). Cronbach’s 
was 0.83. Construct validity of the scale was supported by the expected correlations with the CAMCOG (Cambridge Cognitive Examination) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and by differences found between groups of participants classified by dementia status and between patients grouped by disease severity. The scale showed a clear trend toward lower cognition scores for patients with more advanced PD. The coefficient of variation of the SCOPA-COG was higher than that of the CAMCOG or the MMSE, indicating a better ability to detect differences between individuals.
Conclusion: The SCOPA-COG is a short, reliable, and valid instrument that is sensitive to the specific cognitive deficits in PD.
Received April 24, 2003. Accepted in final form July 26, 2003.
Additional material related to this article can be found on the Neurology Web site. Go to www.neurology.org and scroll down the Table ofContents for the November 11 issue to find the title link for this article.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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 D Verbaan, J Marinus, M Visser, S M van Rooden, A M Stiggelbout, H A M Middelkoop, and J J van Hilten Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 2007; 78(11): 1182 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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