| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Drs. Hofman, Launer, Ott, and Stijnen), Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry (Andersen, Kragh-Sorensen), Odense University, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry (Drs. Copeland and Dewey), Royal Liverpool University Hospital, and Institute of Public Health (Dr. Brayne), Cambridge University, UK; INSERM Unit 330 (Drs. Dartigues and Letenneur), Bordeaux, France; and Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Lobo), Zaragoza University, and Department of Neurology (Dr. Martinez–Lage), University of Navarra, Spain.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. A. Ott, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands; e-mail: a.ott{at}erasmusmc.nl
Background: Contrary to early case-control studies that suggested smoking protects against Alzheimer disease (AD), recent prospective studies have shown that elderly who smoke may be at increased risk for dementia.
Objective: To examine prospectively the effect of smoking on cognition in nondemented elderly.
Method: In a multicenter cohort, the European Community Concerted Action Epidemiology of Dementia (EURODEM), including the Odense, Personnes Agées Quid (Paquid), Rotterdam, and Medical Research Council: Ageing in Liverpool Project—Health Aspects (MRC ALPHA) Studies, 17,610 persons aged 65 and over were screened and examined for dementia. After an average 2.3 years of follow-up, 11,003 nondemented participants were retested. Excluding incident dementia cases and those without baseline information on smoking gave an analytical sample of 9,209 persons. Average yearly decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was compared among groups, adjusting for age, sex, baseline MMSE, education, type of residence, and history of myocardial infarction or stroke.
Results: MMSE score of persons who never smoked on average declined 0.03 point/year. The adjusted decline of former smokers was 0.03 point greater and of current smokers 0.13 point greater than never smokers (p < 0.001). Higher rates of decline by smoking were found in men and women, persons with and without family history of dementia, and in three of four participating studies. Higher cigarette pack–year exposure was correlated with a significantly higher rate of decline.
Conclusion: Smoking may accelerate cognitive decline in nondemented elderly.
Received March 14, 2003. Accepted in final form November 26, 2003.
L.J. Launer is currently affiliated with the National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. L. Cummings, R. Doody, and C. Clark Disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer disease: Challenges to early intervention Neurology, October 16, 2007; 69(16): 1622 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-J. Chiang, P.-K. Yip, S.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lu, C.-W. Liou, H.-C. Liu, C.-K. Liu, C.-H. Chu, C.-S. Hwang, S.-F. Sung, et al. Midlife Risk Factors for Subtypes of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study in Taiwan Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 15(9): 762 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Anstey, C. von Sanden, A. Salim, and R. O'Kearney Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2007; 166(4): 367 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. C. Durazzo, S. Gazdzinski, and D. J. Meyerhoff The neurobiological and neurocognitive consequences of chronic cigarette smoking in alcohol use disorders Alcohol Alcohol., May 1, 2007; 42(3): 174 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bursi, W. A. Rocca, J. M. Killian, S. A. Weston, D. S. Knopman, S. J. Jacobsen, and V. L. Roger Heart Disease and Dementia: A Population-based Study Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2006; 163(2): 135 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 More Evidence That Smoking Affects Cognition Journal Watch Psychiatry, August 19, 2004; 2004(819): 11 - 11. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 More Evidence That Smoking Affects Cognition Journal Watch Neurology, July 9, 2004; 2004(709): 6 - 6. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Papers of Note Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., March 24, 2004; 2004(12): nw11 - nw11. [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
