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NEUROLOGY 2004;62:S2-S8
© 2004 American Academy of Neurology

Neurology supplements are not peer-reviewed. Information contained in Neurology supplements represent the opinions of the authors and are not endorsed by nor do they reflect the views of the American Academy of Neurology, Editor-in-Chief, or Associate Editors of Neurology.

Terminology and classification of the cortical dysplasias

A. Palmini, MD PhD, I. Najm, MD, G. Avanzini, MD, T. Babb, PhD, R. Guerrini, MD, N. Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, G. Jackson, MD, H. O. Lüders, MD PhD, R. Prayson, MD PhD, R. Spreafico, MD PhD and H. V. Vinters, MD

From the Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) (Dr. Palmini), Porto Alegre, Brazil; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Drs. Najm, Foldvary-Schaefer, Lüders, and Prayson), Cleveland, OH; Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "C. Besta" (Drs. Avanzini and Spreafico), Milan, Italy; Wayne State University (Dr. Babb), Detroit, MI; Istituto de Neuropsichiatria Infantile (R. Guerrini), University of Pisa, Italy; Austin Hospital (Dr. Jackson), Melbourne, Australia; and University of California Los Angeles Medical Center (Dr. Vinters), Los Angeles, CA.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to André Palmini, Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP 90610-000; e-mail: apalmini{at}uol.com.br

Background: There have been difficulties in achieving a uniform terminology in the literature regarding issues of classification with respect to focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) associated with epilepsy.

Objectives: To review and refine the current terminology and classification issues of potential clinical relevance to epileptologists, neuroradiologists, and neuropathologists dealing with FCD.

Methods: A panel discussion of epileptologists, neuropathologists, and neuroradiologists with special expertise in FCD was held.

Results: The panel proposed 1) a specific terminology for the different types of abnormal cells encountered in the cerebral cortex of patients with FCD; 2) a reappraisal of the different histopathologic abnormalities usually subsumed under the term "microdysgenesis," and suggested that this terminology be abandoned; and 3) a more detailed yet straightforward classification of the various histopathologic features that usually are included under the heterogeneous term of "focal cortical dysplasia."

Conclusion: The panel hopes that these proposals will stimulate the debate toward more specific clinical, imaging, histopathologic, and prognostic correlations in patients with FCD associated with epilepsy.




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