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Polymorphisms in the CYP19 gene confer increased risk for Alzheimer disease

From the Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology (Drs. Lehtovirta, Helisalmi, Hänninen, Soininen, and Hiltunen, S. Vepsäläinen) and Pathology and Forensic Medicine (Dr. Mannermaa), University Hospital and University of Kuopio, Brain Research Unit (Drs. Helisalmi, Soininen, and Hiltunen, S. Iivonen and S. Vepsäläinen), Clinical Research Centre/Mediteknia, University of Kuopio, and Department of Neurology (Dr. Lehtovirta), Jorvi Hospital, Espoo, Finland; and Center for Demographic Studies (Dr. Corder), Duke University, Durham, NC.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. M. Hiltunen, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Kuopio University and University Hospital, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; e-mail: mikko.hiltunen{at}uku.fi

Background: Brain aromatase may be neuroprotective by increasing the local estrogen levels in injured neurons. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene located at 15q21.1, a chromosomal region in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with Alzheimer disease (AD) in this sample.

Objective: To investigate whether nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spanning the CYP19 gene were associated with AD.

Methods: Three hundred ninety-four patients were compared with 469 nondemented control subjects using single-locus and haplotype approaches. Haplotypes were identified using the expectation/maximization algorithm and latent class analysis, which included additional information on age, sex, and APOE polymorphism.

Results: Allelic and genotypic frequencies for three adjacent SNP differed between AD and control groups. Both haplotype approaches identified an approximately 60% increase (p = 0.02) in the risk of AD for one haplotype and similar levels of excess risk irrespective of APOE polymorphism and gender.

Conclusion: Genetic variation in the brain aromatase gene may modify the risk for AD.

Received August 29, 2003. Accepted in final form December 1, 2003.

Additional material related to this article can be found on the Neurology Web site. Go to www.neurology.org and scroll down the Table of Contents for the April 13 issue to find the title link for this article.

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