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From the Department of Neurology (Dr. Ettinger), Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; Vedanta Research (Dr. Reed), Chapel Hill, NC; and Department of Psychiatry (J. Cramer), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Alan B. Ettinger, EEG Lab, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Ave., New Hyde Park, NY 11040; e-mail: aettinge{at}lij.edu
Objectives: To assess the frequency of depression symptoms, quality of life, and disability in a community-based sample of epilepsy (EPI), asthma, and healthy control (NCH) subjects, and the relationship of depression with EPI-specific aspects of quality of life, social concerns, antiepileptic drug-related side effects, and employment.
Methods: Mail survey with depression (Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D]), quality of life (Short Form [SF]-36), and Sheehan Disability (SDS) scales to 775 EPI, 395 asthma, and 362 NCH subjects. EPI subjects completed Quality of Life in Epilepsy-89 (QOLIE-89), Social Concerns Index, Adverse Events Profile, and employment questions.
Results: A total of 36.5% EPI, 27.8% asthma, and 11.8% NCH were positive on CES-D (p < 0.001). EPI had the most prior consultations and treatments for depression but 38.5% of EPI-CES-D+ and 43.7% of asthma-CES-D+ were never previously evaluated for depression. EPI subjects had worse quality of life on SF-36 subscales and greater SDS disability but were similarly disabled as asthma subjects in the presence of depression. Among EPI subjects, CES-D-based depression was significantly associated with being female, being younger, lower income, worse QOLIE-89 scores, more SDS disability, more social concerns, more adverse drug events, less past-month employment, and fewer working days.
Conclusions: Depression is common in community-based epilepsy and asthma patients, and is associated with diverse impairments.
Received December 12, 2003. Accepted in final form May 19, 2004.
Additional material related to this article can be found on the Neurology Web site. Go to www.neurology.org and scroll down the Table of Contents for the September 28 issue to find the title link for this article.
*Members of the Epilepsy Impact Project Group are listed in the appendix on page 1014.
Drs. Ettinger and Reed and J. Cramer have received honoraria in excess of $10,000 from GlaxoSmithKline.
Related Article
Neurology 2004 63: 946-947.
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