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From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. M. Kubo, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; e-mail: kubomich{at}intmed2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Background: There is scant information on secular trends in the incidence and survival of ischemic stroke subtypes.
Methods: The authors established three cohorts of Hisayama residents age 
40 years in 1961 (1,618 subjects), 1974 (2,038 subjects), and 1988 (2,637 subjects). They followed up with each cohort for 12 years, comparing the incidence and survival rate of ischemic stroke subtypes. Morphologic examinations by autopsy or brain imaging was performed on most of the ischemic stroke cases in all cohorts.
Results: The age-standardized incidence of lacunar infarction significantly declined by 59% for men and by 28% for women from the first to the second cohort. It continued to decline by 41% for men, but the decline decelerated for women between the second and third cohort. The age-standardized incidence of atherothrombotic infarction tended to decline from the first to the second cohort, whereas it was sustained between the second and third cohort for both sexes. The age-standardized incidence of cardioembolic infarction was unchanged throughout the cohorts. In these cohorts, mean blood pressure levels among hypertensive subjects and the prevalence of current smoker decreased with time, though the prevalence of hypertension remained stable. The 5-year survival rate after lacunar infarction significantly improved among the cohorts, but those of atherothrombotic and cardioembolic infarction did not.
Conclusions: These data suggest that, in the Japanese population, the incidence of lacunar infarction steadily declined for the last 40 years. The improvement of hypertension control and decreasing prevalence of smoking might be responsible for this trend.
Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C (no. 13670370), a Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science, and a Fund for Technology and Innovative Development Project in Life Sciences from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Received July 20, 2005. Accepted in final form January 31, 2006.
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Neurology 2006 66: 1462-1463.
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