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Frameshift proteins in autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies

From the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research (F.W.V.L., P.V.T., M.A.F.S., B.H., E.M.H., D.F.F.), Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; the Greater Manchester Neurosciences Center (D.M.A.M.), University of Manchester, Hope Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom; the Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders University, Institute for Biotechnology (C.V.B, S.K.-S.), and Laboratory of Neuropathology (P.C.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; the Department of Psychiatry (G.L.), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; the Department of Psychiatry (A.S.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; the Department of Neurology (M.L.C.M.-S.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the School of Health Sciences (H.Y.), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan; the Department of Pathology (J.M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, the Netherlands; the Department of Neuropathology (W.K.), VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; the Laboratory for Neuropathology East Netherlands (R.A.I.D.V.), Enschede, the Netherlands.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Fred W. Van Leeuwen, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; e-mail: f.van.leeuwen{at}nih.knaw.nl

Frameshift (+1) proteins such as APP⁺¹ and UBB⁺¹ accumulate in sporadic cases of Alzheimer disease (AD) and in older subjects with Down syndrome (DS). We investigated whether these proteins also accumulate at an early stage of neuropathogenesis in young DS individuals without neuropathology and in early-onset familial forms of AD (FAD), as well as in other tauopathies, such as Pick disease (PiD) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). APP⁺¹ is present in many neurons and beaded neurites in very young cases of DS, which suggests that it is axonally transported. In older DS patients (>37 years), a mixed pattern of APP⁺¹ immunoreactivity was observed in healthy looking neurons and neurites, dystrophic neurites, in association with neuritic plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangles. UBB⁺¹ immunoreactivity was exclusively present in AD type of neuropathology. A similar pattern of APP⁺¹ and UBB⁺¹ immunoreactivity was also observed for FAD and much less explicit in nondemented controls after the age of 51 years. Furthermore, we observed accumulation of +1 proteins in other types of tauopathies, such as PiD, frontotemporal dementia, PSP and argyrophylic grain disease. These data suggest that accumulation of +1 proteins contributes to the early stages of dementia and plays a pathogenic role in a number of diseases that involve the accumulation of tau.

Additional material related to this article can be found on the Neurology Web site. Go to www.neurology.org and scroll down the Table of Contents for the January 24, 2006, Supplement to find the title link for this article.

This article was previously published in electronic format as an Expedited E-Pub at www.neurology.org.

Supported by grants to F.W.V.L. from 5th Framework "Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources" EU grant (QLRT-1999-02238), Hersenstichting Nederland, Jan Dekkerstichting and Dr. Ludgardine Bouwmanstichting, Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (ISAO), Van Leersum Fonds, NWO Geheugenprocessen en Dementie (970-10-002 and 970-10-029), and the Society for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (440-04).

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Received June 22, 2005. Accepted in final form October 14, 2005.

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