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Primary progressive freezing gait: A syndrome with many causes

From the Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.A.F.); Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY (D.S.H.); and Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY (J.Q.).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Stewart A. Factor, Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Wesley Woods Health Center, 1841 Clifton Road, Suite 327, Atlanta, GA 30329; e-mail: sfactor{at}emory.edu

Primary progressive freezing gait (PPFG) is characterized by early gait freezing and a stereotyped progression. Of nine patients fol1owed up for 6 to 16 years, two were diagnosed pathologically: pallidonigroluysian degeneration (PNLD) and diffuse Lewy body disease. Four others evolved clinically into progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. PPFG is not a distinct disorder but a syndrome with diverse causes. Long-term follow-up (10 years) and postmortem are required for accurate diagnosis. PNLD may be the primary form of disease.

Additional material related to this article can be found on the Neurology Web site. Go to www.neurology.org and scroll down the Table of Contents for the February 14 issue to find the title link for this article.

This article was supported by the Emory Parkinson's Disease Research Fund, the AMC Parkinson Fund, and the Riley Family Chair in Parkinson's Disease.

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Received July 26, 2005. Accepted in final form October 20, 2005.

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