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 Volume 66, Number 7, April 11, 2006
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NEUROLOGY 2006;66:1094-1096
© 2006 American Academy of Neurology
Brief Communications

Lethal African trypanosomiasis in a traveler: MRI and neuropathology

Hilde M.H. Braakman, MD, Fred J.J.M. van de Molengraft, MD, PhD, Wim W.A. Hubert, MD, PhD and Dolf H. Boerman, MD; PhD

From the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.B., R.H.B.) and Pathology (J.W.A.H., F.J.J.M.V.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Hilde Braakman, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands; e-mail: HBraakman{at}alysis.nl.

The authors report a case of human African trypanosomiasis with CNS involvement caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in a 52-year-old woman, which relapsed after melarsoprol treatment. After a second regimen, she developed a severe toxic polyneuropathy, progressing to coma and eventually death. MRI revealed rapidly progressive multiple white matter lesions as well as damage of the central gray matter and cortex. The autopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis.

Editorial, see page 962

See also page 1120

Additional material related to this article can be found on the Neurology Web site. Go to www.neurology.org and scroll down the Table of Contents for the April 11 issue to find the title link for this article.

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Received August 13, 2005. Accepted in final form January 26, 2006.


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